Discovery BoxJeremiah 23:3-4 
Context23:3 Then I myself will regather those of my people 1 who are still alive from all the countries where I have driven them. I will bring them back to their homeland. 2 They will greatly increase in number. 23:4 I will install rulers 3 over them who will care for them. Then they will no longer need to fear or be terrified. None of them will turn up missing. 4 I, the Lord, promise it! 5
1 tn Heb “my sheep.”
2 tn Heb “their fold.”
3 tn Heb “shepherds.”
4 tn There are various nuances of the word פָּקַד (paqad) represented in vv. 2, 4. See Ps 8:4 (8:5 HT) and Zech 10:3 for “care for/take care of” (cf. BDB 823 s.v. פָּקַד Qal.A.1.a). See Exod 20:5; Amos 3:2; Jer 9:24; 11:22 for “punish” (cf. BDB 823 s.v. פָּקַד Qal.A.3). See 1 Kgs 20:39 and 2 Kgs 10:19 for “be missing” (cf. BDB 823 s.v. פָּקַד Niph.1).
sn There is an extended play on the Hebrew word פָּקַד which is a word with rather broad English equivalents. Here the word refers to the fault of the shepherds/rulers who have not “taken care” of the sheep/people (v. 2), the “punishment” for the evil they have done in not taking care of them (v. 2), and the fact that after the
5 tn Heb “Oracle of the
