Discovery BoxIsaiah 44:25-26 
Context44:25 who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers 1
and humiliates 2 the omen readers,
who overturns the counsel of the wise men 3
and makes their advice 4 seem foolish,
44:26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants 5
and brings to pass the announcements 6 of his messengers,
who says about Jerusalem, 7 ‘She will be inhabited,’
and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt,
her ruins I will raise up,’
1 tc The Hebrew text has בַּדִּים (baddim), perhaps meaning “empty talkers” (BDB 95 s.v. III בַּד). In the four other occurrences of this word (Job 11:3; Isa 16:6; Jer 48:30; 50:36) the context does not make the meaning of the term very clear. Its primary point appears to be that the words spoken are meaningless or false. In light of its parallelism with “omen readers,” some have proposed an emendation to בָּרִים (barim, “seers”). The Mesopotamian baru-priests were divination specialists who played an important role in court life. See R. Wilson, Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel, 93-98. Rather than supporting an emendation, J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 2:189, n. 79) suggests that Isaiah used בַּדִּים purposively as a derisive wordplay on the Akkadian word baru (in light of the close similarity of the d and r consonants).
2 tn Or “makes fools of” (NIV, NRSV); NAB and NASB both similar.
3 tn Heb “who turns back the wise” (so NRSV); NIV “overthrows the learning of the wise”; TEV “The words of the wise I refute.”
4 tn Heb “their knowledge” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).
5 tn Heb “the word of his servant.” The following context indicates that the Lord’s prophets are in view.
6 tn Heb “counsel.” The Hebrew term עֵצָה (’etsah) probably refers here to the divine plan as announced by the prophets. See HALOT 867 s.v. I עֵצָה.
7 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
