Discovery BoxIsaiah 3:1 
Context3:1 Look, the sovereign Lord who commands armies 1
is about to remove from Jerusalem 2 and Judah
every source of security, including 3
all the food and water, 4
Isaiah 7:23
Context7:23 At that time 5 every place where there had been a thousand vines worth a thousand shekels will be overrun 6 with thorns and briers.
Isaiah 8:12
Context8:12 “Do not say, ‘Conspiracy,’ every time these people say the word. 7
Don’t be afraid of what scares them; don’t be terrified.
Isaiah 21:8
Context21:8 Then the guard 8 cries out:
“On the watchtower, O sovereign master, 9
I stand all day long;
at my post
I am stationed every night.
Isaiah 57:5
Context57:5 you who practice ritual sex 10 under the oaks and every green tree,
who slaughter children near the streams under the rocky overhangs. 11
1 tn Heb “the master, the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts].” On the title “the Lord who commands armies,” see the note at 1:9.
2 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
3 tn Heb “support and support.” The masculine and feminine forms of the noun are placed side-by-side to emphasize completeness. See GKC 394 §122.v.
4 tn Heb “all the support of food, and all the support of water.”
5 tn Heb “in that day.” The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
6 tn Heb “will become” (so NASB); NAB “shall be turned to.”
7 tn Heb “Do not say, ‘Conspiracy,’ with respect to all which these people say, ‘Conspiracy.’” The verb translated “do not say” is second masculine plural, indicating that this exhortation is directed to Isaiah and other followers of the Lord (see v. 16).
sn The background of this command is uncertain. Perhaps the “conspiracy” in view is the alliance between Israel and Syria. Some of the people may even have thought that individuals in Judah were plotting with Israel and Syria to overthrow the king.
8 tn The Hebrew text has, “the lion,” but this makes little sense here. אַרְיֵה (’aryeh, “lion”) is probably a corruption of an original הָרֹאֶה (haro’eh, “the one who sees”), i.e., the guard mentioned previously in v. 6.
9 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay). Some translations take this to refer to the Lord (cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV), while others take it to refer to the guard’s human master (“my lord”; cf. NIV, NLT).
10 tn Heb “inflame yourselves”; NRSV “burn with lust.” This verse alludes to the practice of ritual sex that accompanied pagan fertility rites.
11 sn This apparently alludes to the practice of child sacrifice (cf. TEV, CEV, NLT).
