Discovery BoxIsaiah 23:3-8 
Context23:3 the deep waters! 1
Grain from the Shihor region, 2
crops grown near the Nile 3 she receives; 4
she is the trade center 5 of the nations.
23:4 Be ashamed, O Sidon,
for the sea 6 says this, O fortress of the sea:
“I have not gone into labor
or given birth;
I have not raised young men
or brought up young women.” 7
23:5 When the news reaches Egypt,
they will be shaken by what has happened to Tyre. 8
23:6 Travel to Tarshish!
Wail, you residents of the coast!
23:7 Is this really your boisterous city 9
whose origins are in the distant past, 10
and whose feet led her to a distant land to reside?
23:8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, 11
whose merchants are princes,
whose traders are the dignitaries 12 of the earth?
1 tc The Hebrew text (23:2b-3a) reads literally, “merchant of Sidon, the one who crosses the sea, they filled you, and on the deep waters.” Instead of מִלְאוּךְ (mil’ukh, “they filled you”) the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa reads מלאכיך (“your messengers”). The translation assumes an emendation of מִלְאוּךְ to מַלְאָכָו (mal’akhav, “his messengers”), taking the vav (ו) on וּבְמַיִם (uvÿmayim) as improperly placed; instead it should be the final letter of the preceding word.
2 tn Heb “seed of Shihor.” “Shihor” probably refers to the east branch of the Nile. See Jer 2:18 and BDB 1009 s.v. שִׁיחוֹר.
3 tn Heb “the harvest of the Nile.”
4 tn Heb “[is] her revenue.”
5 tn Heb “merchandise”; KJV, ASV “a mart of nations”; NLT “the merchandise mart of the world.”
6 tn J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 1:430-31) sees here a reference to Yam, the Canaanite god of the sea. He interprets the phrase מָעוֹז הַיָּם (ma’oz hayyam, “fortress of the sea”) as a title of Yam, translating “Mighty One of the Sea.” A more traditional view is that the phrase refers to Sidon.
7 tn Or “virgins” (KJV, ASV, NAB, NASB).
sn The sea is personified here as a lamenting childless woman. The foreboding language anticipates the following announcement of Tyre’s demise, viewed here as a child of the sea, as it were.
8 tn Heb “they will be in pain at the report of Tyre.”
9 tn Heb “Is this to you, boisterous one?” The pronoun “you” is masculine plural, like the imperatives in v. 6, so it is likely addressed to the Egyptians and residents of the coast. “Boisterous one” is a feminine singular form, probably referring to the personified city of Tyre.
10 tn Heb “in the days of antiquity [is] her beginning.”
11 tn The precise meaning of הַמַּעֲטִירָה (hamma’atirah) is uncertain. The form is a Hiphil participle from עָטַר (’atar), a denominative verb derived from עֲטָרָה (’atarah, “crown, wreath”). The participle may mean “one who wears a crown” or “one who distributes crowns.” In either case, Tyre’s prominence in the international political arena is in view.
12 tn Heb “the honored” (so NASB, NRSV); NIV “renowned.”
