Discovery BoxIsaiah 16:4 
Context16:4 Please let the Moabite fugitives live 1 among you.
Hide them 2 from the destroyer!”
Certainly 3 the one who applies pressure will cease, 4
the destroyer will come to an end,
those who trample will disappear 5 from the earth.
Isaiah 16:10
Context16:10 Joy and happiness disappear from the orchards,
and in the vineyards no one rejoices or shouts;
no one treads out juice in the wine vats 6 –
I have brought the joyful shouts to an end. 7
Isaiah 16:14
Context16:14 Now the Lord makes this announcement: “Within exactly three years 8 Moab’s splendor will disappear, along with all her many people; there will be just a few, insignificant survivors left.” 9
Isaiah 17:3
Context17:3 Fortified cities will disappear from Ephraim,
and Damascus will lose its kingdom. 10
The survivors in Syria
will end up like the splendor of the Israelites,”
says the Lord who commands armies.
Isaiah 24:6
Context24:6 So a treaty curse 11 devours the earth;
its inhabitants pay for their guilt. 12
This is why the inhabitants of the earth disappear, 13
and are reduced to just a handful of people. 14
Isaiah 35:10
Context35:10 those whom the Lord has ransomed will return that way. 15
They will enter Zion with a happy shout.
Unending joy will crown them, 16
happiness and joy will overwhelm 17 them;
grief and suffering will disappear. 18
Isaiah 51:11
Context51:11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return;
they will enter Zion with a happy shout.
Unending joy will crown them, 19
happiness and joy will overwhelm 20 them;
grief and suffering will disappear. 21
1 tn That is, “live as resident foreigners.”
2 tn Heb “Be a hiding place for them.”
3 tn The present translation understands כִּי (ki) as asseverative, but one could take it as explanatory (“for,” KJV, NASB) or temporal (“when,” NAB, NRSV). In the latter case, v. 4b would be logically connected to v. 5.
4 tn A perfect verbal form is used here and in the next two lines for rhetorical effect; the demise of the oppressor(s) is described as if it had already occurred.
5 tc The Hebrew text has, “they will be finished, the one who tramples, from the earth.” The plural verb form תַּמּוּ, (tammu, “disappear”) could be emended to agree with the singular subject רֹמֵס (romes, “the one who tramples”) or the participle can be emended to a plural (רֹמֵסִם, romesim) to agree with the verb. The translation assumes the latter. Haplography of mem (ם) seems likely; note that the word after רֹמֵס begins with a mem.
6 tn Heb “wine in the vats the treader does not tread.”
7 sn The Lord appears to be the speaker here. See 15:9.
8 tn Heb “in three years, like the years of a hired worker.” The three years must be reckoned exactly, just as a hired worker would carefully keep track of the time he had agreed to work for an employer in exchange for a predetermined wage.
9 tn Heb “and the splendor of Moab will be disgraced with all the great multitude, and a small little remnant will not be strong.”
10 tn Heb “and kingship from Damascus”; cf. NASB “And sovereignty from Damascus.”
11 sn Ancient Near Eastern treaties often had “curses,” or threatened judgments, attached to them. (See Deut 28 for a biblical example of such curses.) The party or parties taking an oath of allegiance acknowledged that disobedience would activate these curses, which typically threatened loss of agricultural fertility as depicted in the following verses.
12 tn The verb אָשַׁם (’asham, “be guilty”) is here used metonymically to mean “pay, suffer for one’s guilt” (see HALOT 95 s.v. אשׁם).
13 tn BDB 359 s.v. חָרַר derives the verb חָרוּ (kharu) from חָרַר (kharar, “burn”), but HALOT 351 s.v. II חרה understands a hapax legomenon חָרָה (kharah, “to diminish in number,” a homonym of חָרָה) here, relating it to an alleged Arabic cognate meaning “to decrease.” The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has חורו, perhaps understanding the root as חָוַר (khavar, “grow pale”; see Isa 29:22 and HALOT 299 s.v. I חור).
14 tn Heb “and mankind is left small [in number].”
15 tn Heb “and the redeemed will walk, the ransomed of the Lord will return.”
16 tn Heb “[will be] on their head[s].” “Joy” may be likened here to a crown (cf. 2 Sam 1:10). The statement may also be an ironic twist on the idiom “earth/dust on the head” (cf. 2 Sam 1:2; 13:19; 15:32; Job 2:12), referring to a mourning practice.
17 tn Heb “will overtake” (NIV); NLT “they will be overcome with.”
18 tn Heb “grief and groaning will flee”; KJV “sorrow and sighing shall flee away.”
19 tn Heb “[will be] on their head[s].” “Joy” may be likened here to a crown (cf. 2 Sam 1:10). The statement may also be an ironic twist on the idiom “earth/dust on the head” (cf. 2 Sam 1:2; 13:19; 15:32; Job 2:12), referring to a mourning practice.
20 tn Heb “overtake” (so NIV); NASB “they will obtain.”
21 tn Heb “grief and groaning will flee.”
