Discovery BoxHosea 1:11 
Context1:11 Then the people 1 of Judah and the people of Israel will be gathered together. They will appoint for themselves one leader, 2 and will flourish in the land. 3 Certainly, 4 the day of Jezreel will be great!
Hosea 2:8
Context2:8 Yet 5 until now 6 she has refused to acknowledge 7 that I 8 was the one
who gave her the grain, the new wine, and the olive oil;
and that it was I who 9 lavished on her the silver and gold –
which they 10 used in worshiping Baal! 11
Hosea 12:4
Context12:4 He struggled 12 with an angel and prevailed;
he wept and begged for his favor.
and there he spoke with him! 15
1 tn Heb “sons” (twice in this verse, so NASB); KJV, ASV “children”; NIV, NRSV, TEV “people.”
2 tn Heb “head” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV).
3 tn Alternatively, “gain possession of the land” (cf. NRSV) or “rise up from the land” (cf. NIV). This clause may be understood in two ways: (1) Israel will gain ascendancy over the land or conquer the land (e.g., Exod 1:10; cf. NAB “come up from other lands”) or (2) Israel will be “planted” in the land (Hos 2:24-25; cf. NLT “will…plant his people”).
4 tn Or “For” (so NASB); NCV “because”; TEV “Yes.”
5 tn Or “For” (so KJV, NASB); or “But” (so NCV).
6 tn The phrase “until now” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.
7 tn Heb “she does not know” (so NASB, NCV); or “she does not acknowledge.”
8 tn The 1st person common singular independent personal pronoun אָנֹכִי (’anokhi, “I”) is emphatic, since the subject of this verbal clause is already explicit in the verb נָתַתִּי (natatti, Qal perfect 1st person common singular: “I gave”).
9 tn The phrase “that it was I who” does not appear in the Hebrew text here, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity.
10 sn The third person plural here is an obvious reference to the Israelites who had been unfaithful to the
11 tn Heb “for Baal” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV); cf. TEV “in the worship of Baal.”
12 tc The MT vocalizes the consonantal text וָיָּשַׂר (vayyasar, vav consecutive + Qal preterite 3rd person masculine singular from שׂוּר, sur, “to see”); however, parallelism with שָׂרַה (sarah, “he contended”) in 12:3 suggested that it be vocalized as ויּשׂר (vav consecutive + Qal preterite 3rd person masculine singular from שׂרה [“to strive, contend”]). The latter is followed by almost all English versions here.
13 tn Heb “him”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
14 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
15 tc The Leningrad Codex and the Allepo Codex both read 1st person common plural עִמָּנוּ (’immanu, “with us”). The LXX and Peshitta both reflect an alternate Hebrew Vorlage of 3rd person masculine singular עִמוֹ (’imo, “with him”). The BHS editors suggest emending the MT in favor of the Greek and Syriac. The internal evidence of 12:4-5 favors the 3rd person masculine singular reading. It is likely that the 1st person common plural ־נוּ reading on עִמָּנוּ arose due to a misunderstanding of the 3rd person masculine singular ־נוּ suffix on יִמְצָאֶנּוּ (yimtsa’ennu, “he found him”; Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix) which was probably misunderstood as the 1st person common plural suffix: “he found us.” Several English versions follow the LXX and Syriac: “there he spoke with him” (RSV, NAB, NEB, NIV, NJPS, TEV). Others follow the MT: “there he spoke with us” (KJV, NASB, CEV). The Hebrew University Old Testament Project, which tends to preserve the MT whenever possible, adopts the MT reading but gives it only a “C” rating. See D. Barthélemy, ed., Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, 5:262-63.
