Discovery BoxExodus 9:3 
Context9:3 then the hand of the Lord will surely bring 1 a very terrible plague 2 on your livestock in the field, on the horses, the donkeys, the camels, 3 the herds, and the flocks.
Exodus 22:6
Context22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads 4 to thorn bushes, 5 so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started 6 the fire must surely make restitution.
1 tn The form used here is הוֹיָה (hoyah), the Qal active participle, feminine singular, from the verb “to be.” This is the only place in the OT that this form occurs. Ogden shows that this form is appropriate with the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) to stress impending divine action, and that it conforms to the pattern in these narratives where five times the participle is used in the threat to Pharaoh (7:17; 8:2; 9:3, 14; 10:4). See G. S. Ogden, “Notes on the Use of הויה in Exodus IX. 3,” VT 17 (1967): 483-84.
2 tn The word דֶּבֶר (dever) is usually translated “pestilence” when it applies to diseases for humans. It is used only here and in Ps 78:50 for animals.
3 sn The older view that camels were not domesticated at this time (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 70; W. F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, 96; et. al.) has been corrected by more recently uncovered information (see K. A. Kitchen, NBD3 160-61).
4 tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”
5 sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.
6 tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.
