Discovery BoxExodus 8:12 
Context8:12 Then Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried 1 to the Lord because of 2 the frogs that he had brought on 3 Pharaoh.
Exodus 9:8
Context9:8 4 Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot 5 from a furnace, and have Moses throw it 6 into the air while Pharaoh is watching. 7
Exodus 17:10
Context17:10 So Joshua fought against Amalek just as Moses had instructed him; 8 and Moses and Aaron and Hur went up to the top of the hill.
Exodus 19:20
Context19:20 The Lord came down on Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain, and the Lord summoned Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
Exodus 24:18
Context24:18 Moses went into the cloud when he went up 9 the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain forty days and forty nights. 10
Exodus 33:9
Context33:9 And 11 whenever Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and the Lord 12 would speak with Moses. 13
Exodus 34:31
Context34:31 But Moses called to them, so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and Moses spoke to them.
Exodus 39:43
Context39:43 Moses inspected 14 all the work – and 15 they had done it just as the Lord had commanded – they had done it exactly – and Moses blessed them. 16
1 tn The verb צָעַק (tsa’aq) is used for prayers in which people cry out of trouble or from danger. U. Cassuto observes that Moses would have been in real danger if God had not answered this prayer (Exodus, 103).
2 tn Heb “over the matter of.”
3 tn The verb is an unusual choice if it were just to mean “brought on.” It is the verb שִׂים (sim, “place, put”). S. R. Driver thinks the thought is “appointed for Pharaoh” as a sign (Exodus, 64). The idea of the sign might be too much, but certainly the frogs were positioned for the instruction of the stubborn king.
4 sn This sixth plague, like the third, is unannounced. God instructs his servants to take handfuls of ashes from the Egyptians’ furnaces and sprinkle them heavenward in the sight of Pharaoh. These ashes would become little particles of dust that would cause boils on the Egyptians and their animals. Greta Hort, “The Plagues of Egypt,” ZAW 69 [1957]: 101-3, suggests it is skin anthrax (see W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:359). The lesson of this plague is that Yahweh has absolute control over the physical health of the people. Physical suffering consequent to sin comes to all regardless of their position and status. The Egyptians are helpless in the face of this, as now God begins to touch human life; greater judgments on human wickedness lie ahead.
5 tn This word פִּיחַ (piakh) is a hapax legomenon, meaning “soot”; it seems to be derived from the verb פּוּחַ (puakh, “to breathe, blow”). The “furnace” (כִּבְשָׁן, kivshan) was a special kiln for making pottery or bricks.
6 tn The verb זָרַק (zaraq) means “to throw vigorously, to toss.” If Moses tosses the soot into the air, it will symbolize that the disease is falling from heaven.
7 tn Heb “before the eyes of Pharaoh.”
8 tn The line in Hebrew reads literally: And Joshua did as Moses had said to him, to fight with Amalek. The infinitive construct is epexegetical, explaining what Joshua did that was in compliance with Moses’ words.
9 tn The verb is a preterite with vav (ו) consecutive; here, the second clause, is subordinated to the first preterite, because it seems that the entering into the cloud is the dominant point in this section of the chapter.
10 sn B. Jacob (Exodus, 750) offers this description of some of the mystery involved in Moses’ ascending into the cloud: Moses ascended into the presence of God, but remained on earth. He did not rise to heaven – the ground remained firmly under his feet. But he clearly was brought into God’s presence; he was like a heavenly servant before God’s throne, like the angels, and he consumed neither bread nor water. The purpose of his being there was to become familiar with all God’s demands and purposes. He would receive the tablets of stone and all the instructions for the tabernacle that was to be built (beginning in chap. 25). He would not descend until the sin of the golden calf.
11 tn Heb “and it was when.”
12 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the
13 tn Both verbs, “stand” and “speak,” are perfect tenses with vav (ו) consecutive.
14 tn Or “examined” (NASB, TEV); NCV “looked closely at.”
15 tn The deictic particle draws attention to what he saw in such a way as to give the reader Moses’ point of view and a sense of his pleasure: “and behold, they…”
16 sn The situation and wording in Exod 39:43 are reminiscent of Gen 1:28 and 31, with the motifs of blessing people and inspecting what has been made.
