Discovery BoxDeuteronomy 5:9 
Context5:9 You must not worship or serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God. I punish 1 the sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons for the sin of the fathers who reject 2 me, 3
Deuteronomy 10:12
Context10:12 Now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you except to revere him, 4 to obey all his commandments, 5 to love him, to serve him 6 with all your mind and being, 7
Deuteronomy 11:13
Context11:13 Now, if you pay close attention 8 to my commandments that I am giving you today and love 9 the Lord your God and serve him with all your mind and being, 10
Deuteronomy 13:2
Context13:2 and the sign or wonder should come to pass concerning what he said to you, namely, “Let us follow other gods” – gods whom you have not previously known – “and let us serve them.”
Deuteronomy 13:6
Context13:6 Suppose your own full brother, 11 your son, your daughter, your beloved wife, or your closest friend should seduce you secretly and encourage you to go and serve other gods 12 that neither you nor your ancestors 13 have previously known, 14
Deuteronomy 13:13
Context13:13 some evil people 15 have departed from among you to entice the inhabitants of their cities, 16 saying, “Let’s go and serve other gods” (whom you have not known before). 17
Deuteronomy 21:5
Context21:5 Then the Levitical priests 18 will approach (for the Lord your God has chosen them to serve him and to pronounce blessings in his name, 19 and to decide 20 every judicial verdict 21 )
Deuteronomy 28:36
Context28:36 The Lord will force you and your king 22 whom you will appoint over you to go away to a people whom you and your ancestors have not known, and you will serve other gods of wood and stone there.
Deuteronomy 28:48
Context28:48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty 23 you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They 24 will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you.
Deuteronomy 31:19
Context31:19 Now write down for yourselves the following song and teach it to the Israelites. Put it into their very mouths so that this song may serve as my witness against the Israelites!
1 tn In the Hebrew text the form is a participle, which is subordinated to what precedes. For the sake of English style, the translation divides this lengthy verse into two sentences.
2 tn Heb “who hate” (so NAB, NIV, NLT). Just as “to love” (אָהַב, ’ahav) means in a covenant context “to choose, obey,” so “to hate” (שָׂנֵא, sane’) means “to reject, disobey” (cf. the note on the word “loved” in Deut 4:37; see also 5:10).
3 tn Heb “visiting the sin of fathers upon sons and upon a third (generation) and upon a fourth (generation) of those who hate me.” God sometimes punishes children for the sins of a father (cf. Num 16:27, 32; Josh 7:24-25; 2 Sam 21:1-9). On the principle of corporate solidarity and responsibility in OT thought see J. Kaminsky, Corporate Responsibility in the Hebrew Bible (JSOTSup). In the idiom of the text, the father is the first generation and the “sons” the second generation, making grandsons the third and great-grandsons the fourth. The reference to a third and fourth generation is a way of emphasizing that the sinner’s punishment would last throughout his lifetime. In this culture, where men married and fathered children at a relatively young age, it would not be unusual for one to see his great-grandsons. In an Aramaic tomb inscription from Nerab dating to the seventh century b.c., Agbar observes that he was surrounded by “children of the fourth generation” as he lay on his death bed (see ANET 661). The language of the text differs from Exod 34:7, the sons are the first generation, the grandsons (literally, “sons of the sons”) the second, great-grandsons the third, and great-great-grandsons the fourth. One could argue that formulation in Deut 5:9 (see also Exod 20:50) is elliptical/abbreviated or that it suffers from textual corruption (the repetition of the words “sons” would invite accidental omission).
4 tn Heb “the
5 tn Heb “to walk in all his ways” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV); NAB “follow his ways exactly”; NLT “to live according to his will.”
6 tn Heb “the
7 tn Heb “heart and soul” or “heart and being”; NCV “with your whole being.” See note on the word “being” in Deut 6:5.
8 tn Heb “if hearing, you will hear.” The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute to emphasize the verbal idea. The translation renders this emphasis with the word “close.”
9 tn Again, the Hebrew term אָהַב (’ahav) draws attention to the reciprocation of divine love as a condition or sign of covenant loyalty (cf. Deut 6:5).
10 tn Heb “heart and soul” or “heart and being.” See note on the word “being” in Deut 6:5.
11 tn Heb “your brother, the son of your mother.” In a polygamous society it was not rare to have half brothers and sisters by way of a common father and different mothers.
12 tn In the Hebrew text these words are in the form of a brief quotation: “entice you secretly saying, ‘Let us go and serve other gods.’”
13 tn Heb “fathers” (also in v. 17).
14 tn Heb “which you have not known, you or your fathers.” (cf. KJV, ASV; on “fathers” cf. v. 18).
15 tn Heb “men, sons of Belial.” The Hebrew term בְּלִיַּעַל (bÿliyya’al) has the idea of worthlessness, without morals or scruples (HALOT 133-34 s.v.). Cf. NAB, NRSV “scoundrels”; TEV, CEV “worthless people”; NLT “worthless rabble.”
16 tc The LXX and Tg read “your” for the MT’s “their.”
17 tn The translation understands the relative clause as a statement by Moses, not as part of the quotation from the evildoers. See also v. 2.
18 tn Heb “the priests, the sons of Levi.”
19 tn Heb “in the name of the
20 tn Heb “by their mouth.”
21 tn Heb “every controversy and every blow.”
22 tc The LXX reads the plural “kings.”
23 tn Heb “lack of everything.”
24 tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the
