Discovery BoxAmos 6:2 
Context“Journey over to Calneh and look at it!
Then go from there to Hamath-Rabbah! 2
Then go down to Gath of the Philistines!
Are they superior to our two 3 kingdoms?
Is their territory larger than yours?” 4
Amos 6:8
Context6:8 The sovereign Lord confirms this oath by his very own life. 5
The Lord, the God who commands armies, is speaking:
“I despise Jacob’s arrogance;
I hate their 6 fortresses.
I will hand over to their enemies 7 the city of Samaria 8 and everything in it.”
Amos 8:5
Context8:5 You say,
“When will the new moon festival 9 be over, 10 so we can sell grain?
When will the Sabbath end, 11 so we can open up the grain bins? 12
We’re eager 13 to sell less for a higher price, 14
and to cheat the buyer with rigged scales! 15
1 tn The words “They say to the people” are interpretive and supplied in the translation for clarification. The translation understands v. 2 as the boastful words, which the leaders (described in v. 1) spoke to those who came to them (v. 1b). Some interpret v. 2 differently, understanding the words as directed to the leaders by the prophet. Verse 2b would then be translated: “Are you (i.e., Israel and Judah) better than these kingdoms (i.e., Calneh, etc.)? Is your border larger than their border?” (This reading requires an emendation of the Hebrew text toward the end of the verse.) In this case the verse is a reminder to Judah/Israel that they are not superior to other nations, which have already fallen victim to military conquest. Consequently Judah/Israel should not expect to escape the same fate. Following this line of interpretation, some take v. 2 as a later addition since the Assyrians under Tiglath-pileser III conquered Calneh, Hamath, and Gath after the time of Amos’ ministry. However, this conclusion is not necessary since the kingdoms mentioned here had suffered military setbacks prior to Amos’ time as well. See S. M. Paul, Amos (Hermeneia), 201-4.
2 tn Or “Great Hamath” (cf. NIV); or “Hamath the great” (cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV); the word “rabbah” means “great” in Hebrew.
3 tn Heb “to these,” referring to Judah and Israel (see v. 1a).
4 tn Both rhetorical questions in this verse expect the answer “no.” If these words do come from the leaders, then this verse underscores their self-delusion of power (compare 6:13). The prophet had no such mistaken sense of national grandeur (7:2, 5).
5 tn Heb “swears by his life”; or “swears by himself.”
6 tn Heb “his,” referring to Jacob, which stands here for the nation of Israel.
7 tn The words “to their enemies” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
8 tn Heb “the city”; this probably refers to the city of Samaria (cf. 6:1), which in turn, by metonymy, represents the entire northern kingdom.
9 sn Apparently work was prohibited during the new moon festival, just as it was on the Sabbath.
10 tn Heb “pass by.”
11 tn The verb, though omitted in the Hebrew text, is supplied in the translation from the parallel line.
12 tn Heb “sell grain.” Here “grain” could stand by metonymy for the bins where it was stored.
13 tn Here and in v. 6 the words “we’re eager” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
14 tn Heb “to make small the ephah and to make great the shekel.” The “ephah” was a unit of dry measure used to determine the quantity purchased, while the “shekel” was a standard weight used to determine the purchase price. By using a smaller than standard ephah and a heavier than standard shekel, these merchants were able to increase their profit (“sell less for a higher price”) by cheating the buyer.
15 tn Heb “and to cheat with deceptive scales”; NASB, NIV “dishonest scales”; NRSV “false balances.”
sn Rigged scales may refer to bending the crossbar or shifting the center point of the scales to make the amount weighed appear heavier than it actually was, thus cheating the buyer.
