Discovery BoxActs 4:1-2 
Context4:1 While Peter and John 1 were speaking to the people, the priests and the commander 2 of the temple guard 3 and the Sadducees 4 came up 5 to them, 4:2 angry 6 because they were teaching the people and announcing 7 in Jesus the resurrection of the dead.
Acts 4:6-10
Context4:6 Annas the high priest was there, and Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and others who were members of the high priest’s family. 8 4:7 After 9 making Peter and John 10 stand in their midst, they began to inquire, “By what power or by what name 11 did you do this?” 4:8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, 12 replied, 13 “Rulers of the people and elders, 14 4:9 if 15 we are being examined 16 today for a good deed 17 done to a sick man – by what means this man was healed 18 – 4:10 let it be known to all of you and to all the people of Israel that by the name of Jesus Christ 19 the Nazarene whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, this man stands before you healthy.
1 tn Grk “While they”; the referents (Peter and John) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Or “captain.”
3 tn Grk “the official of the temple,” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.
sn The commander of the temple guard was the title of the officer commanding the Jewish soldiers responsible for guarding and keeping order in the temple courts in Jerusalem.
4 sn The Sadducees controlled the official political structures of Judaism at this time, being the majority members of the Sanhedrin. They were known as extremely strict on law and order issues (Josephus, J. W. 2.8.2 [2.119], 2.8.14 [2.164-166]; Ant. 13.5.9 [13.171-173], 13.10.6 [13.293-298], 18.1.2 [18.11], 18.1.4 [18.16-17], 20.9.1 [20.199]; Life 2 [10-11]). See also Matt 3:7; 16:1-12; 22:23-34; Mark 12:18-27; Luke 20:27-38; Acts 5:17; 23:6-8.
5 tn Or “approached.” This verb often denotes a sudden appearing (BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1).
6 tn Or “greatly annoyed,” “provoked.”
7 tn Or “proclaiming.”
8 sn The high priest’s family. This family controlled the high priesthood as far back as
9 tn Grk “And after.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new sentence is begun in the translation at the beginning of v. 7.
10 tn Grk “making them”; the referents (Peter and John) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
11 sn By what name. The issue of the “name” comes up again here. This question, meaning “by whose authority,” surfaces an old dispute (see Luke 20:1-8). Who speaks for God about the ancient faith?
12 sn Filled with the Holy Spirit. The narrator’s remark about the Holy Spirit indicates that Peter speaks as directed by God and for God. This fulfills Luke 12:11-12 (1 Pet 3:15).
13 tn Grk “Spirit, said to them.”
14 tc The Western and Byzantine texts, as well as one or two Alexandrian witnesses, read τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ (tou Israhl, “of Israel”) after πρεσβύτεροι (presbuteroi, “elders”; so D E Ψ 33 1739 Ï it), while most of the better witnesses, chiefly Alexandrian (Ì74 א A B 0165 1175 vg sa bo), lack this modifier. The longer reading was most likely added by scribes to give literary balance to the addressees in that “Rulers” already had an adjunct while “elders” was left absolute.
15 tn This clause is a first class condition. It assumes for the sake of argument that this is what they were being questioned about.
16 tn Or “questioned.” The Greek term ἀνακρίνω (anakrinw) points to an examination similar to a legal one.
17 tn Or “for an act of kindness.”
18 tn Or “delivered” (σέσωται [seswtai], from σώζω [swzw]). See 4:12.
19 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
