Romans 1:5

1:5 Through him ¹  we have received grace and our apostleship ²  to bring about the obedience ³  of faith ⁴  among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name.

Romans 2:14

2:14 For whenever the Gentiles, ⁵  who do not have the law, do by nature ⁶  the things required by the law, ⁷  these who do not have the law are a law to themselves.

Romans 3:24

3:24 But they are justified ⁸  freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.

Romans 3:31

3:31 Do we then nullify ⁹  the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead ¹⁰  we uphold the law.

Romans 5:14

5:14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type ¹¹  of the coming one) transgressed. ¹² 

Romans 8:5

8:5 For those who live according to the flesh have their outlook shaped by ¹³  the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit have their outlook shaped by the things of the Spirit.

Romans 9:19

9:19 You will say to me then, “Why does he still find fault? For who has ever resisted his will?”

Romans 10:5-6

10:5 For Moses writes about the righteousness that is by the law: “The one who does these things will live by them.” ¹⁴  10:6 But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ¹⁵  ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’” ¹⁶  (that is, to bring Christ down)

Romans 10:18

10:18 But I ask, have they ¹⁷  not heard? ¹⁸  Yes, they have: ¹⁹  Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. ²⁰ 

Romans 11:12

11:12 Now if their transgression means riches for the world and their defeat means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full restoration ²¹  bring?

Romans 11:15

11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?

Romans 15:4

15:4 For everything that was written in former times was written for our instruction, so that through endurance and through encouragement of the scriptures we may have hope.

Romans 15:31

15:31 Pray ²²  that I may be rescued from those who are disobedient in Judea and that my ministry in Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints,

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¹ tn Grk “through whom.”

² tn Some interpreters understand the phrase “grace and apostleship” as a hendiadys, translating “grace [i.e., gift] of apostleship.” The pronoun “our” is supplied in the translation to clarify the sense of the statement.

³ tn Grk “and apostleship for obedience.”

⁴ tn The phrase ὑπακοὴν πίστεως has been variously understood as (1) an objective genitive (a reference to the Christian faith, “obedience to [the] faith”); (2) a subjective genitive (“the obedience faith produces [or requires]”); (3) an attributive genitive (“believing obedience”); or (4) as a genitive of apposition (“obedience, [namely] faith”) in which “faith” further defines “obedience.” These options are discussed by C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 1:66. Others take the phrase as deliberately ambiguous; see D. B. Garlington, “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part I: The Meaning of ὑπακοὴ πίστεως (Rom 1:5; 16:26),” WTJ 52 (1990): 201-24.

⁵ sn Gentile is a NT term for a non-Jew.

⁶ tn Some (e.g. C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans [ICC], 1:135-37) take the phrase φύσει (fusei, “by nature”) to go with the preceding “do not have the law,” thus: “the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature,” that is, by virtue of not being born Jewish.

⁷ tn Grk “do by nature the things of the law.”

⁸ tn Or “declared righteous.” Grk “being justified,” as a continuation of the preceding clause. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁹ tn Grk “render inoperative.”

¹⁰ tn Grk “but” (Greek ἀλλά, alla).

¹¹ tn Or “pattern.”

¹² tn Or “disobeyed”; Grk “in the likeness of Adam’s transgression.”

¹³ tn Grk “think on” or “are intent on” (twice in this verse). What is in view here is not primarily preoccupation, however, but worldview. Translations like “set their mind on” could be misunderstood by the typical English reader to refer exclusively to preoccupation.

¹⁴ sn A quotation from Lev 18:5.

¹⁵ sn A quotation from Deut 9:4.

¹⁶ sn A quotation from Deut 30:12.

¹⁷ tn That is, Israel (see the following verse).

¹⁸ tn Grk “they have not ‘not heard,’ have they?” This question is difficult to render in English. The basic question is a negative sentence (“Have they not heard?”), but it is preceded by the particle μή (mh) which expects a negative response. The end result in English is a double negative (“They have not ‘not heard,’ have they?”). This has been changed to a positive question in the translation for clarity. See BDAG 646 s.v. μή 3.a.; D. Moo, Romans (NICNT), 666, fn. 32; and C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 537, for discussion.

¹⁹ tn Here the particle μενοῦνγε (menounge) is correcting the negative response expected by the particle μή (mh) in the preceding question. Since the question has been translated positively, the translation was changed here to reflect that rendering.

²⁰ sn A quotation from Ps 19:4.

²¹ tn Or “full inclusion”; Grk “their fullness.”

²² tn Verses 30-31 form one long sentence in the Greek but have been divided into two distinct sentences for clarity in English.