4:11 “You are worthy, our Lord and God,
to receive glory and honor and power,
since you created all things,
and because of your will they existed and were created!” 7
6:9 Now 8 when the Lamb opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been violently killed 9 because of the word of God and because of the testimony they had given.
7:11 And all the angels stood 12 there in a circle around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground 13 before the throne and worshiped God,
14:4 These are the ones who have not defiled themselves 36 with women, for they are virgins. These are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. These were redeemed from humanity as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb,
15:1 Then 37 I saw another great and astounding sign in heaven: seven angels who have seven final plagues 38 (they are final because in them God’s anger is completed).
“Great and astounding are your deeds,
Lord God, the All-Powerful! 42
Just 43 and true are your ways,
King over the nations! 44
18:9 Then 57 the kings of the earth who committed immoral acts with her and lived in sensual luxury 58 with her will weep and wail for her when they see the smoke from the fire that burns her up. 59
19:6 Then 60 I heard what sounded like the voice of a vast throng, like the roar of many waters and like loud crashes of thunder. They were shouting: 61
“Hallelujah!
For the Lord our God, 62 the All-Powerful, 63 reigns!
1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
2 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were” to indicate the connection to the preceding material.
3 sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.
4 tn Grk “the twenty-four elders fall down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
5 sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.
6 tn The pronoun “his” is understood from the demonstrative force of the article τοῦ (tou) before θρόνου (qronou).
7 tc The past tense of “they existed” (ἦσαν, hsan) and the order of the expression “they existed and were created” seems backwards both logically and chronologically. The text as it stands is the more difficult reading and seems to have given rise to codex A omitting the final “they were created,” 2329 replacing “they existed” (ἦσαν) with “have come into being” (ἐγένοντο, egeneto), and 046 adding οὐκ (ouk, “not”) before ἦσαν (“they did not exist, [but were created]”). Several
8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of a new and somewhat different topic after the introduction of the four riders.
9 tn Or “murdered.” See the note on the word “butcher” in 6:4.
10 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
11 tn It is difficult to say where this quotation ends. The translation ends it after “withstand it” at the end of v. 17, but it is possible that it should end here, after “Lamb” at the end of v. 16. If it ends after “Lamb,” v. 17 is a parenthetical explanation by the author.
12 tn The verb is pluperfect, but the force is simple past. See ExSyn 586.
13 tn Grk “they fell down on their faces.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
14 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
15 tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).
16 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.
17 tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).
18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
19 tn On the term αὐλήν (aulhn) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple…Rv 11:2.”
20 tn The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν (ekbale exwqen) is difficult to determine.
21 tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
22 sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
23 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
24 tn This is a collective singular in Greek.
25 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
26 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
27 tn The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.
28 tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
29 tn Or “to be buried.”
30 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
31 tn Grk “fell upon.”
32 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
33 tn Though the nearest antecedent to the subject of ἤκουσαν (hkousan) is the people (“those who were watching them”), it could also be (based on what immediately follows) that the two prophets are the ones who heard the voice.
34 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the two prophets) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
35 tn The conjunction καί (kai) seems to be introducing a temporal clause contemporaneous in time with the preceding clause.
36 tn The aorist passive verb is rendered as a reflexive (“defiled themselves”) by BDAG 657 s.v. μολύνω 2.
37 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
38 tn Grk “seven plagues – the last ones.”
39 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
40 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
41 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
42 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
43 tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.
44 tc Certain
45 tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”
46 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
47 tn Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “weighing a talent…χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) (weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21.” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.
48 tn Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.
49 tn Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).
50 tn Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.
51 tn Grk “the plague of it.”
52 tn Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”
53 tn See BDAG 636 s.v. μετά A.2.a.α.
54 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
55 tn A new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
56 tn The final clause could also be turned into an adverbial clause of means: “They will consume her flesh by burning her with fire.”
57 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
58 tn On the term ἐστρηνίασεν (estrhniasen) BDAG 949 s.v. στρηνιάω states, “live in luxury, live sensually Rv 18:7. W. πορνεύειν vs. 9.”
59 tn Grk “from the burning of her.” For the translation “the smoke from the fire that burns her up,” see L&N 14.63.
60 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
61 tn Grk “like the voice of a large crowd…saying.” Because of the complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were.”
62 tc Several
63 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22…κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὁ π. Rv 19:6.”
64 tn Or “mislead.”
65 sn The battle with Gog and Magog is described in the OT in Ezek 38:1-39:20.
66 tn Grk “of whom the number of them [is] like the sand of the sea” (an allusion to Isa 10:22).
67 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
68 tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.
69 tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.
70 tn Or “surrounded.”
71 tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”
72 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
73 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
74 tn Or “misled.”
75 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
76 tn The verb in this clause is elided. In keeping with the previous past tenses some translations supply a past tense verb here (“were”), but in view of the future tense that follows (“they will be tormented”), a present tense verb was used to provide a transition from the previous past tense to the future tense that follows.
77 tn Or “dwelling place”; traditionally, “tabernacle”; literally “tent.”
78 tn Or “people”; Grk “men” (ἀνθρώπων, anqrwpwn), a generic use of the term. In the translation “human beings” was used here because “people” occurs later in the verse and translates a different Greek word (λαοί, laoi).
79 tn Grk “men, and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
80 tc ‡ Most