Luke 1:80

1:80 And the child kept growing ¹  and becoming strong ²  in spirit, and he was in the wilderness ³  until the day he was revealed ⁴  to Israel.

Luke 13:8

13:8 But the worker ⁵  answered him, ‘Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer ⁶  on it.

Luke 13:21

13:21 It is like yeast that a woman took and mixed with ⁷  three measures ⁸  of flour until all the dough had risen.” ⁹ 

Luke 19:13

19:13 And he summoned ten of his slaves, ¹⁰  gave them ten minas, ¹¹  and said to them, ‘Do business with these until I come back.’

Luke 22:18

22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit ¹²  of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” ¹³ 

Luke 22:34

22:34 Jesus replied, ¹⁴  “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow ¹⁵  today until you have denied ¹⁶  three times that you know me.”

Luke 24:49

24:49 And look, I am sending you ¹⁷  what my Father promised. ¹⁸  But stay in the city ¹⁹  until you have been clothed with power ²⁰  from on high.”

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¹ tn This verb is imperfect.

² tn This verb is also imperfect.

³ tn Or “desert.”

⁴ tn Grk “until the day of his revealing.”

⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the worker who tended the vineyard) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁶ tn Grk “toss manure [on it].” This is a reference to manure used as fertilizer.

⁷ tn Grk “hid in.”

⁸ sn This measure was a saton, the Greek name for the Hebrew term “seah.” Three of these was a very large quantity of flour, since a saton is a little over 16 lbs (7 kg) of dry measure (or 13.13 liters). So this was over 47 lbs (21 kg) of flour total, enough to feed over a hundred people.

⁹ tn Grk “it was all leavened.”

sn The parable of the yeast and the dough teaches that the kingdom of God will start small but eventually grow to permeate everything. Jesus’ point was not to be deceived by its seemingly small start, the same point made in the parable of the mustard seed, which preceded this one.

¹⁰ tn See the note on the word “slave” in 7:2.

¹¹ sn That is, one for each. A mina was a Greek monetary unit worth one hundred denarii or about four months’ wages for an average worker based on a six-day work week.

¹² tn Grk “the produce” (“the produce of the vine” is a figurative expression for wine).

¹³ sn Until the kingdom of God comes is a reference to the kingdom in all its power. See Luke 17:20-37. Jesus awaits celebration with the arrival of full kingdom blessing.

¹⁴ tn Grk “he said”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁵ sn That is, Peter’s denials will happen before the sun rises.

¹⁶ sn Once again, Jesus is quite aware that Peter will deny him. Peter, however, is too nonchalant about the possibility of stumbling.

¹⁷ tn Grk “sending on you.”

¹⁸ tn Grk “the promise of my Father,” with τοῦ πατρός (tou patros) translated as a subjective genitive. This is a reference to the Holy Spirit and looks back to how one could see Messiah had come with the promise of old (Luke 3:15-18). The promise is rooted in Jer 31:31 and Ezek 36:26.

¹⁹ sn The city refers to Jerusalem.

²⁰ sn Until you have been clothed with power refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. What the Spirit supplies is enablement. See Luke 12:11-12; 21:12-15. The difference the Spirit makes can be seen in Peter (compare Luke 22:54-62 with Acts 2:14-41).