2:33 So 9 the child’s 10 father 11 and mother were amazed 12 at what was said about him.
3:10 So 15 the crowds were asking 16 him, “What then should we do?”
8:40 Now when Jesus returned, 22 the crowd welcomed him, because they were all waiting for him.
14:25 Now large crowds 28 were accompanying Jesus, 29 and turning to them he said,
15:1 Now all the tax collectors 30 and sinners were coming 31 to hear him.
20:45 As 41 all the people were listening, Jesus 42 said to his disciples,
22:63 Now 43 the men who were holding Jesus 44 under guard began to mock him and beat him.
23:32 Two other criminals 48 were also led away to be executed with him.
1 tn Or “know the truth about”; or “know the certainty of.” The issue of the context is psychological confidence; Luke’s work is trying to encourage Theophilus. So in English this is better translated as “know for certain” than “know certainty” or “know the truth,” which sounds too cognitive. “Certain” assumes the truth of the report. On this term, see Acts 2:36; 21:34; 22:30; and 25:26. The meaning “have assurance concerning” is also possible here.
2 tn Or “you heard about.” This term can refer merely to a report of information (Acts 21:24) or to instruction (Acts 18:25). The scope of Luke’s Gospel as a whole, which calls for perseverance in the faith and which assumes much knowledge of the OT, suggests Theophilus had received some instruction and was probably a believer.
3 tn Grk “And,” but “now” better represents the somewhat parenthetical nature of this statement in the flow of the narrative.
4 tn Grk “all the multitude.” While “assembly” is sometimes used here to translate πλῆθος (plhqo"), that term usually implies in English a specific or particular group of people. However, this was simply a large group gathered outside, which was not unusual, especially for the afternoon offering.
5 tn The “hour of the incense offering” is another way to refer to the time of sacrifice.
6 tn Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
7 tn The words “her child” are not in the Greek text, but have been supplied to clarify what was being delivered. The wording here is like Luke 1:57. Grk “the days for her to give birth were fulfilled.”
8 tn Grk “marveled.” It is a hard word to translate with one term in this context. There is a mixture of amazement and pondering at work in considering the surprising events here. See Luke 1:21, 63; 2:33.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the consequential nature of the action.
10 tn Grk “his”; the referent (the child) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
11 tc Most
12 tn The term refers to the amazement at what was happening as in other places in Luke 1–2 (1:63; 2:18). The participle is plural, while the finite verb used in the periphrastic construction is singular, perhaps to show a unity in the parents’ response (BDF §135.1.d: Luke 8:19).
13 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
14 sn There was wonder (all who heard…were astonished) that Jesus at such a young age could engage in such a discussion. The fact that this story is told of a preteen hints that Jesus was someone special.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the consequential nature of the people’s response.
16 tn Though this verb is imperfect, in this context it does not mean repeated, ongoing questions, but simply a presentation in vivid style as the following verbs in the other examples are aorist.
17 tn The words “the people” are not in the Greek text but have been supplied.
18 tn Grk “And they.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
19 sn They were amazed. The astonishment shown here is like that in Luke 2:48.
20 tn Grk “because his word was.”
21 sn Jesus’ teaching impressed the hearers with the directness of its claim (with authority). A study of Jewish rabbinic interpretation shows that it was typical to cite a list of authorities to make one’s point. Apparently Jesus addressed the issues in terms of his own understanding.
22 tn This is a temporal infinitival clause in contrast to Mark’s genitive absolute (Mark 5:21).
sn Here the author notes that Jesus returned to the western shore of the Sea of Galilee after his brief excursion into Gentile territory (8:26-39; cf. also Mark 5:21).
23 tn Grk “And her.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
24 sn Jesus ordered them to tell no one because he desired that miracles not become the center of his ministry.
25 tn The Greek word here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which frequently stresses males or husbands (in contrast to women or wives). However, the emphasis in the present context is on identifying these individuals as the ones previously invited, examples of which were given in vv. 18-20. Cf. also BDAG 79 s.v. ἀνήρ 2.
26 sn None of those individuals who were invited. This is both the point and the warning. To be a part of the original invitation does not mean one automatically has access to blessing. One must respond when the summons comes in order to participate. The summons came in the person of Jesus and his proclamation of the kingdom. The statement here refers to the fact that many in Israel will not be blessed with participation, for they have ignored the summons when it came.
27 tn Or “dinner.”
28 sn It is important to note that the following remarks are not just to disciples, but to the large crowds who were following Jesus.
29 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
30 sn See the note on tax collectors in 3:12.
31 tn Grk “were drawing near.”
32 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
33 tn Grk “Jesus answering said”; this is redundant in contemporary English and has been simplified in the translation.
34 tn The Greek construction used here (οὐχί, ouci) expects a positive reply.
35 tn The word “other” is implied in the context.
36 tn Grk “sent ahead and went and found.”
37 sn Exactly as he had told them. Nothing in Luke 19-23 catches Jesus by surprise. Often he directs the action.
38 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
39 tn Grk “said to them.”
40 tn Grk “took a wife” (an idiom for marrying a woman).
41 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
42 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
43 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
44 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
45 tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.
46 sn Luke portrays the Jewish leadership as driving events toward the cross by vehemently accusing Jesus.
47 tn Though a different Greek term is used here (BDAG 373 s.v. ἐπίκειμαι), this remark is like 23:5.
48 tc The text reads either “two other criminals” or “others, two criminals.” The first reading (found in Ì75 א B) could be read as describing Jesus as a criminal, while the second (found in A C D L W Θ Ψ 070 0250 Ë1,13 33 Ï) looks like an attempt to prevent this identification. The first reading, more difficult to explain from the other, is likely original.
sn Jesus is numbered among the criminals (see Isa 53:12 and Luke 22:37).
49 tn Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
50 tn Or “bewildered.” The term refers to a high state of confusion and anxiety.
51 tn Grk “behold.”
52 sn The brilliantly shining clothing (dazzling attire) points to the fact that these are angels (see 24:23).
53 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
54 tn Grk “And it happened that while.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
55 tn This term suggests emotional dialogue and can thus be translated “debated.”
56 tn The phrase “these things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
57 sn The account in 24:1-12 is repeated here, and it is clear that the other disciples were not convinced by the women, but could not explain the events either.
58 tn In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but because of the length and complexity of the construction a new sentence was started here in the translation.
59 sn The disciples were still not comfortable at this point thinking that this could be Jesus raised from the dead. Instead they thought they saw a spirit.
60 tc This is not a reference to “a phantom” as read by the Western ms D. For πνεῦμα (pneuma) having the force of “ghost,” or “an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses,” see BDAG 833-34 s.v. πνεῦμα 4.