Leviticus 19:13

19:13 You must not oppress your neighbor or commit robbery against him.¹ You must not withhold² the wages of the hired laborer overnight until morning.

Leviticus 19:18

19:18 You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge³ against the children of your people, but you must love your neighbor as yourself.⁴ I am the Lord.

Leviticus 20:10

20:10 If a man⁵ commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife,⁶ both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death.

¹tn Heb “You shall not oppress your neighbor and you shall not rob.”

²tn Heb “hold back with you”; perhaps “hold back for yourself” (cf. NRSV “keep for yourself”).

³tn Heb “and you shall not retain [anger?].” This line seems to refer to the retaining or maintaining of some vengeful feelings toward someone. Compare the combination of the same terms for taking vengeance and maintaining wrath against enemies in Nahum 1:2 (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 305).

⁴sn Some scholars make a distinction between the verb אָהַב (’ahav, “to love”) with the direct object and the more unusual construction with the preposition לְ (lamed) as it is here and in Lev 19:34 and 2 Chr 19:2 only. If there is a distinction, the construction here probably calls for direct and helpful action toward one’s neighbor (see the discussion in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 305, and esp. 317-18). Such love stands in contrast to taking vengeance or bearing a grudge against someone and, in NT terms, amounts to fulfilling the so-called “golden rule” (Matt 7:12).

⁵tn Heb “And a man who.” The syntax here and at the beginning of the following verses elliptically mirrors that of v. 9, which justifies the rendering as a conditional clause.

⁶tc The reading of the LXX minuscule mss has been followed here (see the BHS footnote a-a). The MT has a dittography, repeating “a man who commits adultery with the wife of” (see the explanation in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 328). The duplication found in the MT is reflected in some English versions, e.g., KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV.