Leviticus 16:2

16:2 and the Lord said to Moses: “Tell Aaron your brother that he must not enter at any time into the holy place inside the veil-canopy ¹  in front of the atonement plate ²  that is on the ark so that he may not die, for I will appear in the cloud over the atonement plate.

Leviticus 21:21

21:21 No man from the descendants of Aaron the priest who has a physical flaw may step forward ³  to present the Lord’s gifts; he has a physical flaw, so he must not step forward to present the food of his God.

Leviticus 22:4

22:4 No man ⁴  from the descendants of Aaron who is diseased or has a discharge ⁵  may eat the holy offerings until he becomes clean. The one ⁶  who touches anything made unclean by contact with a dead person, ⁷  or a man who has a seminal emission, ⁸ 

Leviticus 23:3

The Weekly Sabbath

23:3 “‘Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there must be a Sabbath of complete rest, ⁹  a holy assembly. You must not do any work; it is a Sabbath to the Lord in all the places where you live.

Leviticus 25:28

25:28 If he has not prospered enough to refund ¹⁰  a balance to him, then what he sold ¹¹  will belong to ¹²  the one who bought it until the jubilee year, but it must revert ¹³  in the jubilee and the original owner ¹⁴  may return to his property.

Leviticus 26:43

26:43 The land will be abandoned by them ¹⁵  in order that it may make up for ¹⁶  its Sabbaths while it is made desolate ¹⁷  without them, ¹⁸  and they will make up for their iniquity because ¹⁹  they have rejected my regulations and have abhorred ²⁰  my statutes.

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¹ tn Heb “into the holy place from house to the veil-canopy.” In this instance, the Hebrew term “the holy place” refers to “the most holy place” (lit. “holy of holies”), since it is the area “inside the veil-canopy” (cf. Exod 26:33-34). The Hebrew term פָּרֹכֶת (parokhet) is usually translated “veil” or “curtain,” but it seems to have stretched not only in front of but also over the top of the ark of the covenant which stood behind and under it inside the most holy place, and thus formed more of a canopy than simply a curtain (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 3:687-89).

² tn Heb “to the faces of the atonement plate.” The exact meaning of the Hebrew term כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporet) here rendered “atonement plate” is much debated. The traditional “mercy seat” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) does not suit the cognate relationship between this term and the Piel verb כִּפֶּר (kipper, “to make atonement, to make expiation”). The translation of the word should also reflect the fact that the most important atonement procedures on the Day of Atonement were performed in relation to it. Since the Lord would “appear in the cloud over the atonement plate,” and since it was so closely associated with the ark of the covenant (the ark being his “footstool”; cf. 1 Chr 28:2 and Ps 132:7-8), one could take it to be the place of his throne at which he accepts atonement. See J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:1014; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 234-35; and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:691, 699. Cf. NIV “the atonement cover”; NCV “the lid on the Ark”; NLT “the Ark’s cover – the place of atonement.”

³ tn Or “shall approach” (see HALOT 670 s.v. נגשׁ).

⁴ tn Heb “Man man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.), but with a negative command it means “No man” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 147).

⁵ sn The diseases and discharges mentioned here are those described in Lev 13-15.

⁶ tn Heb “And the one.”

⁷ tn Heb “in all unclean of a person/soul”; for the Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) meaning “a [dead] person,” see the note on Lev 19:28.

⁸ tn Heb “or a man who goes out from him a lying of seed.”

⁹ tn This is a superlative expression, emphasizing the full and all inclusive rest of the Sabbath and certain festival times throughout the chapter (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 155). Cf. ASV “a sabbath of solemn rest.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “And if his hand has not found sufficiency of returning.” Although some versions take this to mean that he has not made enough to regain the land (e.g., NASB, NRSV; see also B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176), the combination of terms in Hebrew corresponds to the portion of v. 27 that refers specifically to refunding the money (cf. v. 27; see NIV and G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 315).

¹¹ tn Heb “his sale.”

¹² tn Heb “will be in the hand of.” This refers to the temporary control of the one who purchased its produce until the next year of jubilee, at which time it would revert to the original owner.

¹³ tn Heb “it shall go out” (so KJV, ASV; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176).

¹⁴ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the original owner of the land) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁵ tn Heb “from them.” The preposition “from” refers here to the agent of the action (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 455).

¹⁶ tn The jussive form of the verb with the simple vav (ו) here calls for a translation that expresses purpose.

¹⁷ tn The verb is the Hophal infinitive construct with the third feminine singular suffix (GKC 182 §67.y; cf. v. 34).

¹⁸ tn Heb “from them.”

¹⁹ tn Heb “because and in because,” a double expression, which is used only here and in Ezek 13:10 (without the vav) for emphasis (GKC 492 §158.b).

²⁰ tn Heb “and their soul has abhorred.”