4:8 “‘Then he must take up all the fat from the sin offering bull: 4 the fat covering the entrails 5 and all the fat surrounding the entrails, 6
8:14 Then he brought near the sin offering bull 10 and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the sin offering bull,
8:18 Then he presented the burnt offering ram and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram,
8:22 Then he presented the second ram, the ram of ordination, 11 and Aaron and his sons laid their hands on the head of the ram
9:12 He then slaughtered the burnt offering, and his sons 19 handed 20 the blood to him and he splashed 21 it against the altar’s sides.
9:22 Then Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them and descended from making the sin offering, the burnt offering, and the peace offering. 9:23 Moses and Aaron then entered into the Meeting Tent. When they came out, they blessed the people, and the glory of the Lord appeared to all the people.
14:19 “The priest must then perform the sin offering 25 and make atonement for the one being cleansed from his impurity. After that he 26 is to slaughter the burnt offering,
15:28 “‘If 35 she becomes clean from her discharge, then she is to count off for herself seven days, and afterward she will be clean.
16:23 “Aaron must then enter 38 the Meeting Tent and take off the linen garments which he had put on when he entered the sanctuary, and leave them there.
1 tc A few Hebrew
sn “Suet” is the specific term used for the hard, fatty tissues found around the kidneys of sheep and cattle. A number of modern English versions have simplified this to “fat” (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
2 tn Heb “on the wood, which is on the fire, which is on the altar.” Cf. NIV “on the burning wood”; NLT “on the wood fire.”
3 sn See the note on this phrase in 3:3.
4 tn Heb “all the fat of the bull of the sin offering he shall take up from it.”
5 tc The MT has here the preposition עַל (’al, “on, upon” [i.e., “which covers on the entrails,” as awkward in Hebrew as it is in English]), but Smr, LXX, Syriac, and Targums read אֶת (’et), which is what would be expected (i.e., “which covers the entrails”; cf. Lev 3:3, 9, 14). It may have been mistakenly inserted here under the influence of “on (עַל) the entrails” at the end of the verse.
6 tn Heb “and all the fat on the entrails.” The fat layer that covers the entrails as a whole (i.e., “that covers the entrails”) is different from the fat that surrounds and adheres to the various organs (“on the entrails,” i.e., surrounding them; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:205-7).
7 tn The words “into silver shekels” are supplied here. See the full expression in Lev 5:15, and compare 5:18. Cf. NRSV “or its equivalent”; NLT “or the animal’s equivalent value in silver.”
8 tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness of the place involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature.
9 tn See the note on Lev 1:9 above.
10 sn See Lev 4:3-12 above for the sin offering of the priests. In this case, however, the blood manipulation is different because Moses, not Aaron (and his sons), is functioning as the priest. On the one hand, Aaron and his sons are, in a sense, treated as if they were commoners so that the blood manipulation took place at the burnt offering altar in the court of the tabernacle (see v. 15 below), not at the incense altar inside the tabernacle tent itself (contrast Lev 4:5-7 and compare 4:30). On the other hand, since it was a sin offering for the priests, therefore, the priests themselves could not eat its flesh (Lev 4:11-12; 6:30 [23 HT]), which was the normal priestly practice for sin offerings of commoners (Lev 6:26[19], 29[22]).
11 tn For “ordination offering” see Lev 7:37
12 sn The “palms” refer to the up-turned hands, positioned in such a way that the articles of the offering could be placed on them.
13 tn Heb “and he waved.” The subject of the verb “he waved” is Aaron, but Aaron’s sons also performed the action (see “Aaron and his sons” just previously). See the similar shifts from Moses to Aaron as the subject of the action above (vv. 15, 16, 19, 20, 23), and esp. the note on Lev 8:15. In the present translation this is rendered as an adjectival clause (“who waved”) to indicate that the referent is not Moses but Aaron and his sons. Cf. CEV “who lifted it up”; NAB “whom he had wave” (with “he” referring to Moses here).
14 sn See Lev 7:30-31, 34.
15 tn Heb “a he-goat of goats.”
16 tn Heb “and a calf and a lamb, sons of a year, flawless”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “without blemish”; NASB, NIV “without defect”; NLT “with no physical defects.”
17 tn Heb “which the
18 tn Heb “and the glory of the
19 tn For smoothness in the English translation, “his” was used in place of “Aaron’s.”
20 tn The verb is a Hiphil form of מָצָא, matsa’, “to find” (i.e., causative, literally “to cause to find,” but here the meaning is “to hand to” or “pass to”; see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 117-18, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:581-82). The distinction between this verb and “presented” in v. 9 above (see the note there) is that in v. 9 Aaron’s sons held the bowl while Aaron manipulated some of the blood at the altar, while here in v. 12 they simply handed the bowl to him so he could splash all the blood around on the altar (Milgrom, 581).
21 tn For “splashed” (also in v. 18) see the note on Lev 1:5.
22 tn Heb “and the priest shall see it.”
23 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV, NASB).
24 tn Heb “the priest shall pronounce the infection clean,” but see v. 4 above. Also, this is another use of the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above).
25 tn Heb “do [or “make”] the sin offering.”
26 tn Heb “And after[ward] he [i.e., the offerer] shall slaughter.” The LXX adds “the priest” as the subject of the verb (as do several English versions, e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, NLT), but the offerer is normally the one who does the actually slaughtering of the sacrificial animal (cf. the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).
27 tn Heb “who to him the house.”
28 tn Heb “and he shall shut up the house seven days.”
29 tn Heb “and the priest shall command and they shall pull out the stones which in them is the infection, and they shall cast them.” The second and third verbs (“they shall pull out” and “they shall throw”) state the thrust of the priest’s command, which suggests the translation “that they pull out…and throw” (cf. also vv. 4a, 5a, and 36a above), and for the impersonal passive rendering of the active verb (“be pulled and thrown”) see the note on v. 4 above.
30 tn Heb “into from outside to the city.”
31 tn Heb “and bring into under the stones.”
32 tn The pronoun “he” refers to the priest mentioned in the previous verse.
33 tn Regarding these ritual materials, see the note on v. 4 above.
34 tn Regarding the Piel of חָטָא (khata’, cf. v. 52) meaning to “decontaminate” or “perform a decontamination,” see the notes on Lev 8:15 and 9:15.
sn In Lev 8:15, for example, the “sin offering” is used to “decontaminate” the burnt offering altar. As argued above (see the note on v. 7 above), these ritual materials and the procedures performed with them do not constitute a “sin offering” (contrast vv. 19 and 31 above). In fact, no sin offering was required for the purification of a house.
35 tn Heb “And if…” Although this clause is parallel to v. 13 above, it begins with וְאִם (vÿ’im, “and if”) here rather than וְכִי (vÿkhi, “and when/if”) there.
36 tn Heb “which the lot has gone up on it for the
37 tn Heb “and he shall purify it and he shall consecrate it.”
38 tn Heb “And Aaron shall enter.”
39 tn Or “as a concubine”; Heb “And a woman to her sister you shall not take to be a second wife [or “to be a concubine”].” According to HALOT 1059 s.v. III צרר, the infinitive “to be a second wife” (לִצְרֹר, litsror) is a denominative verb from II צָרָה A (“concubine; second wife”), which, in turn, derives from II צר “to treat with hostility” (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 283, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 122).
40 tn Heb “on her in her life.”
41 tn Heb “to add to you its produce.” The rendering here assumes that the point of this clause is simply that finally being allowed to eat the fruit in the fifth year adds the fruit of the tree to their harvest. Some take the verb to be from אָסַף (’asaf, “to gather”) rather than יָסַף (yasaf, “to add; to increase”), rendering the verse, “to gather to you the produce” (E. S. Gerstenberger, Leviticus [OTL], 260, and see the versions referenced in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 306). Others take it to mean that by following the regulations given previously they will honor the
42 tn Heb “to this month.”
43 tn Heb “and.” In the translation “then” is supplied to clarify the sequence.
44 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have adversative force here.
45 tn Heb “may go out from you.”
46 tn Heb “fathers.”