5:11 “‘If he cannot afford 8 two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 9 he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed 10 a tenth of an ephah 11 of choice wheat flour 12 for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.
5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated 18 (although he did not know it at the time, 19 but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity 20 5:18 and must bring a flawless ram from the flock, convertible into silver shekels, 21 for a guilt offering to the priest. So the priest will make atonement 22 on his behalf for his error which he committed 23 (although he himself had not known it) and he will be forgiven. 24
8:30 Then Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood which was on the altar and sprinkled it on Aaron and his garments, and on his sons and his sons’ garments with him. So he consecrated Aaron, his garments, and his sons and his sons’ garments with him. 8:31 Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons, “Boil the meat at the entrance of the Meeting Tent, and there you are to eat it and the bread which is in the ordination offering basket, just as I have commanded, 30 saying, ‘Aaron and his sons are to eat it,’
16:15 “He must then slaughter the sin offering goat which is for the people. He is to bring its blood inside the veil-canopy, 37 and he is to do with its blood just as he did to the blood of the bull: He is to sprinkle it on the atonement plate and in front of the atonement plate. 16:16 So 38 he is to make atonement for the holy place from the impurities of the Israelites and from their transgressions with regard to all their sins, 39 and thus he is to do for the Meeting Tent which resides with them in the midst of their impurities.
16:18 “Then 40 he is to go out to the altar which is before the Lord and make atonement for it. He is to take 41 some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it all around on the horns of the altar.
1 tn Heb “Then he”; the referent (the offerer) has been specified in the translation for clarity. The LXX has “they” rather than “he,” suggesting that the priests, not the offerer, were to slaughter the bull (cf. the notes on vv. 6a and 9a).
2 tn Heb “the son of the herd”; cf. KJV “bullock”; NASB, NIV “young bull.”
3 tn “Splash” (cf. NAB) or “dash” (cf. NRSV) is better than “sprinkle,” which is the common English translation of this verb (זָרַק, zaraq; see, e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NLT). “Sprinkle” is not strong enough (contrast נָזָה [nazah], which does indeed mean “to sprinkle” or “to splatter”; cf. Lev 4:6).
4 tn Heb “he shall not divide it.” Several Hebrew
5 sn See v. 7, where this altar is identified as the altar of fragrant incense.
6 tn Heb “to speak thoughtlessly”; cf. NAB “rashly utters an oath.”
7 tn Heb “and is guilty to one from these,” probably referring here to any of “these” things about which one might swear a thoughtless oath (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 45), with the word “oath” supplied in the translation for clarity. Another possibility is that “to one from these” is a dittography from v. 5 (cf. the note on v. 5a), and that v. 4 ends with “and is guilty” like vv. 2 and 3 (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:300).
8 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.
9 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).
10 tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the
11 sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”
12 tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.
13 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
14 tn Heb “from one from these,” referring to the four kinds of violations of the law delineated in Lev 5:1-4 (see the note on Lev 5:5 above and cf. Lev 4:27).
15 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV similar).
16 tn Heb “and it”; the referent (the remaining portion of the offering) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
17 tn Heb “and it shall be to the priest like the grain offering,” referring to the rest of the grain that was not offered on the altar (cf. the regulations in Lev 2:3, 10).
18 tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the
19 tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
20 tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the
21 tn The statement here is condensed. See the full expression in 5:15 and the note there.
22 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
23 tn Heb “on his straying which he strayed.” See the note on Lev 4:2.
24 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV and NASB both similar).
25 tn Heb “in it,” apparently referring to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar (cf. the note on v. 9).
26 sn A tenth of an ephah is about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306).
27 tn For the rendering “choice wheat flour” see the note on Lev 2:1.
28 sn For these categories of unclean animals see Lev 11.
29 sn For the interpretation of this last clause see the note on Lev 7:20.
30 tn Several major ancient versions have the passive form of the verb (see BHS v. 31 note c; cf. Lev 8:35; 10:13). In that case we would translate, “just as I was commanded.”
31 tc Smr has “you must not” (לֹא, lo’) rather than the MT’s “do not” (אַל, ’al; cf. the following negative לֹא, lo’, in the MT).
32 tn Heb “do not let free your heads.” Some have taken this to mean, “do not take off your headgear” (cf. NAB, NASB), but it probably also involves leaving one’s hair unkempt as a sign of mourning (see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:608-9; cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT).
33 tn Heb “shall weep [for] the burning which the
34 tn Heb “And all which it shall fall on it from them.”
35 tn Heb “in water it shall be brought.”
36 tn Heb “to all which the leather was made into a handiwork.”
37 tn Heb “and he shall bring its blood into from house to the veil-canopy.”
38 tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative or even inferential force here.
39 tn Heb “to all their sins.”
40 tn Heb “And.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) indicates the sequence of events here.
41 tn Heb “And he shall take.”
42 tn Heb “As the work [or “deed”] of the land of Egypt, which you were dwelling in it, you must not do.”
43 tn Heb “and as the work [or “deed”] of the land of Canaan which I am bringing you to there, you must not do.” The participle “I am bringing” is inceptive; the
44 tn Heb “and you shall not walk.”
45 tn Heb “To your generations.”
46 tn The Piel (v. 2) and Hiphil (v. 3) forms of the verb קָדַשׁ (qadash) appear to be interchangeable in this context. Both mean “to consecrate” (Heb “make holy [or “sacred”]”).
47 tn Heb “and his impurity [is] on him”; NIV “is ceremonially unclean”; NAB, NRSV “while he is in a state of uncleanness.”
48 sn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20. Cf. the interpretive translation of TEV “he can never again serve at the altar.”
49 tn Heb “Man, man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.; see the distributive repetition of the noun in GKC 395-96 §123.c).
50 tn Heb “and from the foreigner [singular] in Israel.” Some medieval Hebrew
51 tn Heb “And which he shall redeem from the Levites shall go out, sale of house and city, his property in the jubilee.” Although the end of this verse is clear, the first part is notoriously difficult. There are five main views. (1) The first clause of the verse actually attaches to the previous verse, and refers to the fact that their houses retain a perpetual right of redemption (v. 32b), “which any of the Levites may exercise” (v. 33a; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 418, 421). (2) It refers to property that one Levite sells to another Levite, which is then redeemed by still another Levite (v. 33a). In such cases, the property reverts to the original Levite owner in the jubilee year (v. 33b; G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 321). (3) It refers to houses in a city that had come to be declared as a Levitical city but had original non-Levitical owners. Once the city was declared to belong to the Levites, however, an owner could only sell his house to a Levite, and he could only redeem it back from a Levite up until the time of the first jubilee after the city was declared to be a Levitical city. In this case the first part of the verse would be translated, “Such property as may be redeemed from the Levites” (NRSV, NJPS). At the first jubilee, however, all such houses became the property of the Levites (v. 33b; P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 353). (4) It refers to property “which is appropriated from the Levites” (not “redeemed from the Levites,” v. 33a) by those who have bought it or taken it as security for debts owed to them by Levites who had fallen on bad times. Again, such property reverts back to the original Levite owners at the jubilee (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 177). (5) It simply refers to the fact that a Levite has the option of redeeming his house (i.e., the prefix form of the verb is taken to be subjunctive, “may or might redeem”), which he had to sell because he had fallen into debt or perhaps even become destitute. Even if he never gained the resources to do so, however, it would still revert to him in the jubilee year. The present translation is intended to reflect this latter view.
52 tn Or “I also” (see HALOT 76 s.v. אַף 6.b).
53 tn Heb “soul.” These expressions may refer either to the physical effects of consumption and fever as the rendering in the text suggests (e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 452, 454, “diminishing eyesight and loss of appetite”), or perhaps the more psychological effects, “which exhausts the eyes” because of anxious hope “and causes depression” (Heb “causes soul [נֶפֶשׁ, nefesh] to pine away”), e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus (JPSTC), 185.
54 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have causal force here.
55 tn That is, “your enemies will eat” the produce that grows from the sown seed.