2:12 Indeed, the Lord who commands armies has planned a day of judgment, 1
for 2 all the high and mighty,
for all who are proud – they will be humiliated;
2:13 for all the cedars of Lebanon,
that are so high and mighty,
for all the oaks of Bashan; 3
2:14 for all the tall mountains,
for all the high hills, 4
2:15 for every high tower,
for every fortified wall,
2:16 for all the large ships, 5
for all the impressive 6 ships. 7
2:17 Proud men will be humiliated,
arrogant men will be brought low; 8
the Lord alone will be exalted 9
in that day.
2:18 The worthless idols will be completely eliminated. 10
2:19 They 11 will go into caves in the rocky cliffs
and into holes in the ground, 12
trying to escape the dreadful judgment of the Lord 13
and his royal splendor,
when he rises up to terrify the earth. 14
2:20 At that time 15 men will throw
their silver and gold idols,
which they made for themselves to worship, 16
into the caves where rodents and bats live, 17
2:21 so they themselves can go into the crevices of the rocky cliffs
and the openings under the rocky overhangs, 18
trying to escape the dreadful judgment of the Lord 19
and his royal splendor,
when he rises up to terrify the earth. 20
1 tn Heb “indeed [or “for”] the Lord who commands armies [traditionally, the Lord of hosts] has a day.”
2 tn Or “against” (NAB, NASB, NRSV).
3 sn The cedars of Lebanon and oaks of Bashan were well-known for their size and prominence. They make apt symbols here for powerful men who think of themselves as prominent and secure.
4 sn The high mountains and hills symbolize the apparent security of proud men, as do the high tower and fortified wall of v. 15.
5 tn Heb “the ships of Tarshish.” This probably refers to large ships either made in or capable of traveling to the distant western port of Tarshish.
6 tn Heb “desirable”; NAB, NIV “stately”; NRSV “beautiful.”
7 tn On the meaning of this word, which appears only here in the Hebrew Bible, see H. R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena (SBLDS), 41-42.
sn The ships mentioned in this verse were the best of their class, and therefore an apt metaphor for the proud men being denounced in this speech.
8 tn Heb “and the pride of men will be brought down, and the arrogance of men will be brought low.” As in v. 11, the repetition of the verbs שָׁפַל (shafal) and שָׁחָח (shakhakh) from v. 9 draws attention to the appropriate nature of the judgment. Those proud men who “bow low” before idols will be forced to “bow low” before God when he judges their sin.
9 tn Or “elevated”; NCV “praised”; CEV “honored.”
10 tc The verb “pass away” is singular in the Hebrew text, despite the plural subject (“worthless idols”) that precedes. The verb should be emended to a plural; the final vav (ו) has been accidentally omitted by haplography (note the vav at the beginning of the immediately following form).
tn Heb “will completely pass away”; ASV “shall utterly pass away.”
11 tn The identity of the grammatical subject is unclear. The “idols” could be the subject; they will “go” into the caves and holes when the idolaters throw them there in their haste to escape God’s judgment (see vv. 20-21). The picture of the idols, which represent the foreign deities worshiped by the people, fleeing from the Lord would be highly polemical and fit the overall mood of the chapter. However it seems more likely that the idolaters themselves are the subject, for v. 10 uses similar language in sarcastically urging them to run from judgment.
12 tn Heb “dust”; ASV “into the holes of the earth.”
13 tn Heb “from the dread of the Lord,” that is, from the dread that he produces in the objects of his judgment.” The words “trying to escape” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
14 tn Or “land.” It is not certain if these verses are describing the judgment of Judah (see vv. 6-9) or a more universal judgment on all proud men.
15 tn Or “in that day” (KJV).
16 tn Or “bow down to.”
17 tn Heb “to the shrews and to the bats.” On the meaning of חֲפַרְפָּרָה (khafarparah, “shrew”), see HALOT 341 s.v. חֲפַרְפָּרָה. The BHS text as it stands (לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת, perot lakhpor), makes no sense. Based on Theodotion’s transliteration and a similar reading in the Qumran scroll 1QIsaa, most scholars suggest that the MT mistakenly divided a noun (a hapax legomenon) that should be translated “moles,” “shrews,” or “rodents.”
18 sn The precise point of vv. 20-21 is not entirely clear. Are they taking the idols into their hiding places with them, because they are so attached to their man-made images? Or are they discarding the idols along the way as they retreat into the darkest places they can find? In either case it is obvious that the gods are incapable of helping them.
19 tn Heb “from the dread of the Lord,” that is, from the dread that he produces in the objects of his judgment.” The words “trying to escape” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
20 tn Or “land.” It is not certain if these verses are describing the judgment of Judah (see vv. 6-9) or a more universal judgment on all proud men. Almost all English versions translate “earth,” taking this to refer to universal judgment.