32:30 How can one man chase a thousand of them, 14
and two pursue ten thousand;
unless their Rock had delivered them up, 15
and the Lord had handed them over?
1 tc The translation follows the Qere or marginal reading; the Kethib (consonantal text) has the singular, “his son.”
2 tn Heb “all his people.”
3 tn The article is retained in the translation (“the Lebanon,” cf. also NAB, NRSV) to indicate that a region (rather than the modern country of Lebanon) is referred to here. Other recent English versions accomplish this by supplying “mountains” after “Lebanon” (TEV, CEV, NLT).
4 tn Heb “command”; KJV, NASB, NRSV “charge Joshua.”
5 tn Heb “this.” The translation uses “that” to avoid confusion; earlier in the verse Moses refers to Transjordan as “this land.”
6 tn Heb “the
7 tn In the Hebrew text the infinitive absolute before the finite verb emphasizes the statement. The imperfect has an obligatory nuance here. Cf. ASV “shalt (must NRSV) utterly destroy them”; CEV “must destroy them without mercy.”
8 tn Heb “covenant” (so NASB, NRSV); TEV “alliance.”
9 tn Heb “he will confuse them (with) great confusion.” The verb used here means “shake, stir up” (see Ruth 1:19; 1 Sam 4:5; 1 Kgs 1:45; Ps 55:2); the accompanying cognate noun refers to confusion, unrest, havoc, or panic (1 Sam 5:9, 11; 14:20; 2 Chr 15:5; Prov 15:16; Isa 22:5; Ezek 7:7; 22:5; Amos 3:9; Zech 14:13).
10 tn Heb “you will destroy their name from under heaven” (cf. KJV); NRSV “blot out their name from under heaven.”
11 tn The גֹאֵל הַדָּם (go’el haddam, “avenger of blood”) would ordinarily be a member of the victim’s family who, after due process of law, was invited to initiate the process of execution (cf. Num 35:16-28). See R. Hubbard, NIDOTTE 1:789-94.
12 tn Heb “slain [one].”
13 tn Heb “wadi,” a seasonal watercourse through a valley.
14 tn The words “man” and “of them” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.
15 tn Heb “sold them” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).