Deuteronomy 2:23

2:23 As for the Avvites 1  who lived in settlements as far west as Gaza, Caphtorites 2  who came from Crete 3  destroyed them and settled down in their place.)

Deuteronomy 3:1

Defeat of King Og of Bashan

3:1 Next we set out on 4  the route to Bashan, 5  but King Og of Bashan and his whole army 6  came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. 7 

Deuteronomy 22:25

22:25 But if the man came across 8  the engaged woman in the field and overpowered her and raped 9  her, then only the rapist 10  must die.

1 sn Avvites. Otherwise unknown, these people were probably also Anakite (or Rephaite) giants who lived in the lower Mediterranean coastal plain until they were expelled by the Caphtorites.

2 sn Caphtorites. These peoples are familiar from both the OT (Gen 10:14; 1 Chr 1:12; Jer 47:4; Amos 9:7) and ancient Near Eastern texts (Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2:37-38; ANET 138). They originated in Crete (OT “Caphtor”) and are identified as the ancestors of the Philistines (Gen 10:14; Jer 47:4).

3 tn Heb “Caphtor”; the modern name of the island of Crete is used in the translation for clarity (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT).

4 tn Heb “turned and went up.”

5 sn Bashan. This plateau country, famous for its oaks (Isa 2:13) and cattle (Deut 32:14; Amos 4:1), was north of Gilead along the Yarmuk River.

6 tn Heb “people.”

7 sn Edrei is probably modern Deràa, 60 mi (95 km) south of Damascus (see Num 21:33; Josh 12:4; 13:12, 31; also mentioned in Deut 1:4).

8 tn Heb “found,” also in vv. 27, 28.

9 tn Heb “lay with” here refers to a forced sexual relationship, as the accompanying verb “seized” (חָזַק, khazaq) makes clear.

10 tn Heb “the man who lay with her, only him.”