23:1 Paul looked directly 14 at the council 15 and said, “Brothers, I have lived my life with a clear conscience 16 before God to this day.”
1 tn Grk “said to them”; the referent (the council) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Or “Israelite men,” although this is less natural English. The Greek term here is ἀνήρ (anhr), which only exceptionally is used in a generic sense of both males and females. In this context, it is highly unlikely that this is a generic usage, since Gamaliel was addressing the Sanhedrin, the Jewish high council, which would have been exclusively male.
3 tn Or “men, be careful.”
4 sn That is, considered worthy by God. They “gloried in their shame” of honoring Jesus with their testimony (Luke 6:22-23; 2 Macc 6:30).
5 sn The name refers to the name of Jesus (cf. 3 John 7).
6 tn Grk “and the,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
7 tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 4:5.
8 tn Grk “approaching, they seized him”; the referent (Stephen) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
9 tn Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews). Stephen suffers just as Peter and John did.
10 tn Grk “And all.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
11 tn Or “Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
12 tn Grk “at him”; the referent (Stephen) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13 sn His face was like the face of an angel. This narrative description of Stephen’s face adds to the mood of the passage. He had the appearance of a supernatural, heavenly messenger.
14 tn Grk “Paul, looking directly at the council, said.” The participle ἀτενίσας (atenisa") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
15 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
16 tn BDAG 846 s.v. πολιτεύομαι 3 has “W. a double dat. συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ πεπολίτευμαι τῷ θεῷ I have lived my life with a clear conscience before God Ac 23:1.”
17 tn Grk “He said.”
18 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).