Exodus 31:1

¹ The Lord spoke to Moses: ² 

Then the LORD said to Moses,

Now the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

The LORD also said to Moses,

GOD spoke to Moses:

And the Lord said to Moses,

The LORD spoke to Moses:

Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:

¹ The Lord spoke to Moses: ² 

¹ sn The next unit describes the preparation of skilled workers to build all that has been listed now for several chapters. This chapter would have been the bridge to the building of the sanctuary (35-39) if it were not for the idolatrous interlude. God called individuals and prepared them by his Spirit to be skilled to do the work for the tabernacle. If this were the substance of an exposition, it would clearly be a message on gifted people doing the work – close to the spiritual lesson of Ephesians 4. There would be two levels of meaning: the physical, which looks at the skilled artisans providing for a place to worship Yahweh, and the spiritual, which would bring in the Spirit-filled servants of God participating in building up his kingdom.

² tn Heb “and Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying.”