Exodus 7:22

But the magicians of Egypt did the same ¹  by their secret arts, and so ²  Pharaoh’s heart remained hard, ³  and he refused to listen to Moses and Aaron ⁴  – just as the Lord had predicted.

Ex 7:3; Ex 7:11; Ex 7:13; Ex 8:7,8; Jer 27:18; 2Ti 3:8

¹ tn Heb “thus, so.”

² tn The vav consecutive on the preterite introduces the outcome or result of the matter – Pharaoh was hardened.

³ tn Heb “and the heart of Pharaoh became hard.” This phrase translates the Hebrew word חָזַק (khazaq; see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53). In context this represents the continuation of a prior condition.

⁴ tn Heb “to them”; the referents (Moses and Aaron) have been specified in the translation for clarity.