¹ sn The twelve refers to the twelve apostles.

⁴ tn Or “twelve crops” (one for each month of the year).

³ tn Grk “Iscariot, being of the number of the twelve.”

² tn Heb “and bake it twelve loaves”; KJV, NAB, NASB “cakes.”

¹ tn Heb “twelve [were] your servants, brothers [are] we.”

² sn The twelve names were those of Israel’s sons. The idea was not the remembrance of the twelve sons as such, but the twelve tribes that bore their names.

² tn Grk “it is not more than twelve days from when.” This has been simplified to “not more than twelve days ago.”

⁶ sn The twelve patriarchs refers to the twelve sons of Jacob, the famous ancestors of the Jewish race (see Gen 35:23-26).

² sn Philip baptized. Again, someone beyond the Twelve has ministered an ordinance of faith.

² tn Grk “they”; the referent (the twelve, v. 31) has been specified in the context for clarity.

¹ tn Heb “he carved her up by her bones into twelve pieces.”

¹ tn Heb “twelve [were] we, brothers, sons of our father [are] we.”

² sn The statement you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel looks at the future authority the Twelve will have when Jesus returns. They will share in Israel’s judgment.

¹ tn The sentence simply begins with “twelve years”; it serves as an adverbial accusative giving the duration of their bondage.

³ tn Grk “to the twelve tribes in the Diaspora.” The Greek term διασπορά (diaspora, “dispersion”) refers to Jews not living in Palestine but “dispersed” or scattered among the Gentiles.

¹ tn Grk “to which [promise] our twelve tribes…” The antecedent of the relative pronoun (the promise in v. 6) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn The miraculous nature of these signs is implied in the context. Here the work of miracles extends beyond the Twelve for the first time.

¹ sn Judas is now absent and “the twelve” have now become “the eleven.” Other disciples are also gathered with the remaining eleven.

² sn According to the Mishnah, the age of twelve years old is one year before a boy becomes responsible for his religious commitments (m. Niddah 5.6).

³ tn A מִדְבָּר (midbar, “wilderness”) receives less than twelve inches of rain per year and therefore cannot support trees and has little plant life.