³ tn Heb “suddenly.”

² tn Heb “terror of suddenness.” The noun פִּתְאֹם (pitʾom, “sudden”) functions as an attributive genitive: “sudden terror” (e.g., Job 22:10; BDB 837 s.v.).

⁴ sn Flood here is a metaphor for sudden destruction.

¹ tn Heb “at the time of evening, look, sudden terror.”

⁵ tn Or “approached.” This verb often denotes a sudden appearing (BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1).

¹ tn Heb “trembled, shuddered”; CEV, NLT “suddenly woke up.” Perhaps he shivered because he was chilled.

¹ tn Heb “Joshua came upon them suddenly, all the night he went up from Gilgal.”

¹ sn Your creditors will suddenly attack. The Babylonians are addressed directly here. They have robbed and terrorized others, but now the situation will be reversed as their creditors suddenly attack them.

¹ tn Grk “And suddenly.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁴ sn The reference to noon may suggest a sudden, quick defeat (see Jer 6:4; 15:8).

¹ tn This word is a substantive that is used here as an adverbial accusative—with suddenness, at an instant.

² sn Go down alive. This curse imagines a swift and sudden death for the psalmist’s enemies.

² tn The Hebrew is simply “fell” (from נָפַל, nafal). To “fall upon” something in war means to attack quickly and suddenly.

³ tn The verb נִקְרָה (niqrah) has the idea of encountering in a sudden or unexpected way (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 25).

⁵ tn The word translated “sudden terrors” is found only here and in Ps 88:16 [17]. G. R. Driver notes that the idea of suddenness is present in the root, and so renders this word as “sudden assaults” (“Problems in the Hebrew text of Job,” VTSup 3 [1955]: 73).

² tn Or “snatched up.” The Greek verb ἁρπάζω implies that the action is quick or forceful, so the translation supplied the adverb “suddenly” to make this implicit notion clear.

¹ sn The Son of Man’s coming in power will be sudden and obvious like lightning. No one will need to point it out.

¹ tn This is a dramatic use of the aorist and the verse is left unconnected to the previous verse by asyndeton, giving the impression of a sudden realization.

¹ sn The Son of Man’s coming in power will be sudden and obvious like lightning. No one will need to point it out.

¹ sn The Sea of Galilee is well known for its sudden and violent storms, caused by winds blowing down the ravines from the surrounding heights.