¹ tn Heb “water-spring.”

³ tn Or “the spring of Tappuah.”

¹ tn Heb “the spring of water.”

¹ tn Heb “the spring of water.”

² tn Heb “prosper”; KJV “spring forth speedily.”

¹ tn Heb “sprouts up”; NASB “will spring forth.”

¹ tn Heb “the waters of the springs.”

² tn Some translations regard the expressions “springs of water” (גֻּלֹּת מָיִם, gullot mayim) and “springs” (גֻּלֹּת) as place names here (cf. NRSV).

² tn Heb “And the angel of the Lord found her near the spring of water in the desert, near the spring on the way to Shur.”

¹ tn Heb “the world and its offspring”; NASB “the world and all that springs from it.”

⁴ sn The name En Hakkore means “Spring of the one who cries out.”

³ tn Heb “named it”; the referent (the spring) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn Heb “a spring and a cistern collection of water”; NAB, NIV “for collecting water.”

¹ sn The twin themes of the enclosed garden and sealed spring are highlighted by the wordplay (paronomasia) between the Hebrew expressions גַּן נָעוּל (gan naʿul, “a garden locked up”) and גַּל נָעוּל (gal naʿul, “an enclosed spring”).

¹ tn Heb “[the] one who sends springs into streams.” Another option is to translate, “he sends streams [i.e., streams that originate from springs] into the valleys” (cf. NIV).

¹ sn Water is here a metaphor for renewed life; the springs symbolize the restoration of God’s favor.

⁷ tn Cf. 2 Pet 2:17. Jude’s emphasis is slightly different (instead of waterless springs, they are waterless clouds).

² sn This would have been January 15, 588 b.c. The reckoning is based on the calendar that begins the year in the spring (Nisan = March/April).

⁴ tc The MT reads בְּרָכוֹת (b^erakhot, “blessings”) but the preceding reference to a “spring” favors an emendation to בְּרֵכוֹת (b^erekhot, “pools”).

¹ tn Heb “the springs of the sea.” The words “that fill” are supplied in the translation to clarify the meaning of the phrase.