² tn Heb “we have heard an insult.”

² tn Or “[how] the enemy insults the Lord.”

² tn Heb “and it becomes insults to me.”

² tn This is an “insult” or a “reproach.”

⁴ tn Heb “the insults of those who insult you fall upon me.”

² tn L&N 33.393 has for λοιδορέω (loidoreō) “to speak in a highly insulting manner—‘to slander, to insult strongly, slander, insult.’”

² tn The Greek word means “to insult strongly” or “slander.”

³ tn Or “and insulted.” L&N 33.390 and 88.130 note ὑβρίζω (hubrizō) can mean either “insult” or “mistreat with insolence.”

⁴ tn Heb “for his contempt” (so NIV); cf. NRSV “for his insults,” NAB “for his outrage.”

¹ tn Heb “by which the servants of the king of Assyria have insulted me.”

⁴ tn Heb “and he does not lift up an insult against one who is near to him.”

¹ tn Heb “who has argued the case of my insult from the hand of Nabal.”

³ tn Or “insulting.” The word comes from the same root as the term found in v. 10 (“insult”), v. 12 (“insulting”), and v. 2 (“will be slandered”). The author is fond of building his case by the repetition of a word in a slightly different context so that the readers make the necessary connection. English usage cannot always convey this connection because a given word in one language cannot always be translated the same way in another.

¹ tn Or “insulting.” Luke uses a strong word here; it means “to revile, to defame, to blaspheme” (L&N 33.400).

³ sn To a Jew, being sent to the field to feed pigs would be an insult, since pigs were considered unclean animals (Lev 11:7).

¹ tn Grk “when they insult you.” The third person pronoun (here implied in the verb ὀνειδίσωσιν [oneidisōsin]) has no specific referent, but refers to people in general.

¹ tn Heb “from the voice of one who ridicules and insults, from the face of an enemy and an avenger.” See Ps 8:2.

³ tn The form מַכְלִם (makhlim, “humiliating, mocking”) is the Hiphil participle. The verb כָּלַם (kalam) has the meaning “cover with shame, insult” (Job 20:3).

⁴ tn The word order in the Hebrew text places “Yahweh” first for emphasis—it is the Lord such a person insults.

⁴ tn The construction with the three verbs (“defile, “reject,” and “insult”) involves the particles μέν, δέ, δέ (men, de, de). A more literal (and pedantic) translation would be: “on the one hand, they defile the flesh, on the other hand, they reject authority, and on another hand, they insult the glorious ones.”