¹ tn Or “falsely proud.”

³ tn Heb “they swear falsely.”

² tn Heb “every false path.”

¹ tn Heb “every false path.”

³ tn Grk “the falsely named knowledge.”

² tn Heb “is false” or “is a lie.”

¹ tn Or “is giving you false assurances.”

⁴ tn Heb “speech of falsehood”; NRSV “false speech.”

¹ tn The reference is now to the false teachers.

¹ tn Grk “Some standing up gave false testimony against him, saying.”

¹ tn Or “You are giving these people false assurances.”

² tn Heb “and I will not deal falsely with my faithfulness.”

² tn Heb “and we did not deal falsely with your covenant.”

² tn Heb “those who swear [oaths] falsely.” Cf. NIV “perjurers”; TEV “those who give false testimony”; NLT “liars.”

² tn The adjective παρεισάκτους (pareisaktous), which relates to someone joining a group with false motives or false pretenses, applies to the “false brothers.” Although the expression “false brothers with false pretenses” is somewhat redundant, it captures the emphatic force of Paul’s expression, which labels both these “brothers” as false (ψευδαδέλφους, pseudadelphous) as well as their motives. See L&N 34.29 for more information.

² tn The expression is literally “men of emptiness” (see Ps 26:4). These are false men, for שָׁוְא (shavʾ) can mean “vain, empty, or false, deceitful.”

² tn Heb “a false matter,” this expression in this context would have to be a case in law that was false or that could only be won by falsehood.

² sn This second beast is identified in Rev 16:13 as “the false prophet.”

⁵ tn “False prophets” refers to the secessionist opponents (compare 2:19).

² tn Grk “righteous,” but in this context the point is their false sincerity.