¹ tn Heb “the house of Ephraim.”

² tn Heb “Israel, all the sons of Ephraim.”

² tn Or “against Ephraim,” that is, so as to prevent Ephraim from crossing.

¹ tn Heb “the men of Ephraim were summoned [or “were mustered”].”

⁴ tn Heb “And all the men of Ephraim were summoned.”

¹ tn Heb “saw Ephraim, the children of the third.”

¹ tn Heb “the descendants of Ephraim.” However, Ephraim here stands (as it often does) for all the northern tribes of Israel.

¹ tn Heb “the sons of Ephraim.” Ephraim probably stands here by synecdoche (part for whole) for the northern kingdom of Israel.

⁵ sn Hosea personifies Ephraim’s “wound” as if it could depart from the sickly Ephraim (see the formal equivalent rendering in the preceding tn). Ephraim’s sinful action in relying upon an Assyrian treaty for protection will not dispense with its problems.

¹ tn Heb “from Manasseh and Ephraim.” The words “the people of” are supplied in the translation for clarity. The Hebrew text uses the names “Manasseh and Ephraim” here by metonymy for the people of Manasseh and Ephraim.

³ tn Or “Ephraim is a watchman with my God”; cf. ASV and NASB.

³ sn One portion for Ephraim, the other for Manasseh (Gen 48:17-20).

¹ tn Heb “For a voice declaring from Dan and making heard disaster from the hills of Ephraim.”

¹ tn Heb “fly.” Ephraim/Judah are compared to a bird of prey.

² tn Heb “and the people, all of them, knew; Ephraim and the residents of Samaria.”

¹ tn Heb “Ephraim will be too shattered to be a nation”; NIV “to be a people.”

² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Ephraim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² sn Ephraim’s leftover grapes are better quality than Abiezer’s harvest. Gideon employs an agricultural metaphor. He argues that Ephraim’s mopping up operations, though seemingly like the inferior grapes which are missed initially by the harvesters or left for the poor, are actually more noteworthy than the military efforts of Gideon’s family.

¹ tn Heb “these cities belonged to Ephraim in the midst of the cities of Manasseh.”

¹ tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim.”