⁵ tn The optative verb here expresses confused uncertainty.

⁴ tn Heb “Now will be their confusion.”

¹ tn Heb “wanders”; perhaps here, “is confused.”

² tn Heb “discomfit” or “bring into confusion.”

² tn Heb “the herds of cattle are confused.” The verb בּוּךְ (bukh, “be confused”) sometimes refers to wandering aimlessly in confusion (cf. Exod 14:3).

¹ tn Heb “threw them into confusion with all distress.”

² tn The Hebrew term תֶּבֶל (tevel, “perversion”) derives from the verb “to mix; to confuse” (cf. KJV, ASV “they have wrought confusion”).

² tn Or “bewildered.” The term refers to a high state of confusion and anxiety.

² tc The LXX reads “he will crush the wicked rod without confusion or haste.”

¹ tn Heb “They.” The antecedent is spelled out to avoid any possible confusion.

² tn Heb “it.” The referent is made explicit to avoid any possible confusion.

² tn Heb “their statues are wind and nothing”; NASB “wind and emptiness”; NIV “wind and confusion.”

³ tn Heb “for great confusion was upon all the inhabitants of the lands.”

² tc The Greek version and Smr have “Ad[d]i,” probably by confusion of letters.

³ tn Heb “and the way of your paths they confuse.” The verb בָּלַע (balaʿ, “confuse”; HALOT 135 s.v. I בלע) is a homonym of the more common בָּלַע (“swallow”; see HALOT 134 s.v. בלע).

³ tn BDAG 309 s.v. ἐκταράσσω has “agitate, cause trouble to, throw into confusion” for the meaning of this verb.

² tn The verb used here means “to impregnate,” and not to be confused with the verb עָבַר (ʿavar, “to pass over”).

¹ tn The word is a homonym for the word for “head,” which has led to some confusion in the early versions.

¹ tn Heb “the curse, the confusion, and the rebuke” (NASB and NIV similar); NRSV “disaster, panic, and frustration.”

¹ tn Heb “this.” The translation uses “that” to avoid confusion; earlier in the verse Moses refers to Transjordan as “this land.”