¹ tn “Beth Shean” is a variant spelling of “Beth Shan.”

² tn Heb “The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shean and its surrounding towns, Taanach and its surrounding towns, the people living in Dor and its surrounding towns, the people living in Ibleam and its surrounding towns, or the people living in Megiddo and its surrounding towns.”

³ tn Heb “Beth Shean and its surrounding towns, Ibleam and its surrounding towns, the residents of Dor and its surrounding towns, the residents of Endor and its surrounding towns, the residents of Taanach and its surrounding towns, the residents of Megiddo and its surrounding towns, three of Nepheth.”

² tn Heb “and there are iron chariots among all the Canaanites who live in the land of the valley, to those who are in Beth Shean and its daughters and to those who are in the Valley of Jezreel.” Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255 and R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.

¹ tn Heb “the people living in Beth Shemesh or the people living in Beth Anath.”

³ sn The name Beth Leaphrah means “house of dust.”

² tn Heb “Beth Millo which goes down [toward] Silla.”

³ tn Or “Arameans of Beth Rehob and Arameans of Zobah.”

¹ tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”

⁴ sn The place name Beth Ezel means “house of nearness” or “house of proximity” in Hebrew.

⁴ sn See the note on the place name Beth Aven in 4:15.

¹ sn See the note on the place name Beth Aven in 4:15.

² tn The expression בַּעוֹז (baʿoz) employs a beth essentiae, meaning he “is strong,” not “in strength.”

¹ tn The preposition serves as the beth essentiae—the glory is the abundant population, not in it.

³ tn The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:6 has “Aram Beth Rehob and Aram Zobah.”

⁵ tn Heb “the lamentation of Beth Ezel.” The following words could be the lamentation offered up by Beth Ezel (subjective genitive) or the mourning song sung over it (objective genitive).

⁵ tn Many associate the name “Beth Eden” with Bit Adini, an Aramean state located near the Euphrates River, but it may be a sarcastic epithet meaning “house of pleasure.”

¹ tn Heb “as the devastation of Shalman.” The genitive noun שַׁלְמַן (shalman, “Shalman”) functions as a subjective genitive: “as Shalman devastated [Beth Arbel].”

¹ sn Beth Aven means “house of wickedness” in Hebrew; it is a polemic reference to “Bethel,” which means “house of God” (cf. CEV “at sinful Bethel”).

¹ tn Heb “the men of the house of Azmaveth”; some regard בֵּית (bet, “house of”) as a part of the place name: NAB, NLT “Beth Azmaveth.”