² tn Heb “the Ammonites.”

¹ sn Rabbah was the Ammonite capital.

¹ tn Heb “When the Ammonites fought with Israel.”

¹ sn The descendants of Lot were the Moabites and Ammonites.

² tn Heb “Milcom, the detestable thing of the Ammonites.”

² tn Heb “The Ammonites were humbled before the Israelites.”

¹ sn Tobiah, an Ammonite (Neh 13:8), was dismissed from the temple.

⁴ tn Heb “an Ammonite”; the word “woman” is implied by the gender of the word.

³ tn Heb “From Mizpah in Gilead he passed through [to] the Ammonites.”

² tn Heb “them”; the referent (the Ammonites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ tc The parallel text of 2 Sam 10:10 has “the Ammonites” in place of “the Arameans” here.

¹ tn Heb “Ammon.” By metonymy the name “Ammon” is used collectively for the soldiers in the Ammonite army.

³ sn The second half of the verse appears to state that the sword of judgment would fall upon the wicked Ammonites, despite their efforts to prevent it.

⁵ tn Heb “the gods of Syria, the gods of Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the Ammonites, and the gods of the Philistines.”

² sn Zamzummites. Just as the Moabites called Rephaites by the name Emites, the Ammonites called them Zamzummites (or Zazites; Gen 14:5).

¹ tn Part of the Greek tradition wrongly understands Hebrew מַלְכָּם (malkam, “their king”) as a proper name (“Milcom”). Some English versions follow the Greek here, rendering the phrase “the crown of Milcom” (so NRSV; cf. also NAB, CEV). TEV takes this as a reference not to the Ammonite king but to “the idol of the Ammonite god Molech.”

⁴ sn The Ammonites ripped open Gilead’s pregnant women in conjunction with a military invasion designed to expand their territory. Such atrocities, although repugnant, were not uncommon in ancient Near Eastern warfare.

¹ tn Heb “in the seeing concerning you falsehood, in divining concerning you a lie.” This probably refers to the attempts of the Ammonites to ward off judgment through prophetic visions and divination.

¹ tc The Hebrew text has “Ammonites,” but they are mentioned just before this. Most translations, following some mss of the LXX, read “Meunites” (see 2 Chr 26:7; so NASB, NIV, NRSV).

¹ tc The translation follows the MT, which reads “of their king”; the LXX and Vulgate read “of Milcom” (cf. 1 Kgs 11:5). Milcom, also known as Molech, was the god of the Ammonites.