² sn Joseph’s language here becomes warmer and more personal, culminating in calling Benjamin my son.

¹ tn Heb “and Pharaoh sent and called,” indicating a summons to the royal court.

¹ tn The disjunctive clause calls attention to the “uncircumcised male” and what will happen to him.

¹ tn Heb “and Abram called the name of his son whom Hagar bore, Ishmael.”

³ sn With which you have been called. The calling refers to the Holy Spirit’s prompting that caused them to believe. The author is thus urging his readers to live a life that conforms to their saved status before God.

² tn Grk “Then calling the saints…he presented her.” The participle φωνήσας (phōnēsas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style; it could also be taken temporally (“After he called”).

¹ tn Heb “I call and I cry out.” The verbs אֶזְעַק וַאֲשַׁוֵּעַ (ʾezʿaq vaʾashavveaʿ, “I call and I cry out”) form a verbal hendiadys where the second retains its full verbal sense while the first functions adverbially: “I cry out desperately.”

¹ tn The Hebrew text has a Qal verb form, “and another will call by the name of Jacob.” With support from Symmachus (an ancient Greek textual witness), some read the Niphal, “and another will be called by the name of Jacob.”

¹ sn This refers to an assembly of the people at the sanctuary for religious purposes. The word “convocation” implies that the people were called together, and Num 10:2 indicates they were called together by trumpets.

² tc Some mss read this verb as feminine, “she called,” to match the pattern of the next two verses. But the MT, “he called,” should probably be retained as the more difficult reading.

¹ tn The word “people” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation. The construction uses a passive verb without an expressed subject. “To call was begun” can be interpreted to mean that people began to call.

¹ sn Onyx (also called sardonyx) is a semiprecious stone that comes in various colors (L&N 2.35).

² sn Agate (also called chalcedony) is a semiprecious stone usually milky or gray in color (L&N 2.32).

¹ sn Them refers to the secessionist opponents, called “false prophets” in 4:1 (compare 2:19).

⁴ sn Called. The term καλέω (kaleō), used here in its participial form, in soteriological contexts when God is the subject, always carries the nuance of effectual calling. That is, the one who is called is not just invited to be saved—he is also and always saved (cf. Rom 8:30). Calling takes place at the moment of conversion, while election takes place in eternity past (cf. Eph 1:4).

³ tn Grk “calling.” The participle προσκαλεσάμενος (proskalesamenos) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

¹ sn The noting of the detail of the locale, ironically called ‘Straight’ Street, shows how directive and specific the Lord was.

¹ tn Although the conjunction “but” is not in the Greek text, the contrast is implied (an omitted conjunction is called asyndeton).

¹ sn By your endurance is a call to remain faithful because trusting in Jesus is the means to life.

² tn Grk “called out, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.