¹ tn Heb “he began to be a mighty warrior in the earth.”

¹ tc Many medieval Hebrew mss have “the earth” here, instead of the MT’s “the field.”

⁴ tn Heb “a place where there is no lack of anything that is in the earth.”

¹ tn Or “land” (so NIV, NCV); the same Hebrew word can be translated “land” or “earth.”

¹ tn Heb “like the days of the heavens upon the earth,” that is, forever.

² tn Heb “under the earth” (so ASV, NASB, NRSV); NCV “below the land.”

² tn Or perhaps “on earth,” in which case the statement would be hyperbolic.

³ tn The terms translated “heaven” and “earth” are both objective genitives after the participle in construct.

¹ tn In v. 13 the ground (הָאֲדָמָה, haʾadamah) is dry; now the earth (הָאָרֶץ, haʾarets) is dry.

¹ tn See the note on the phrase “the heavens and the earth” in 1:1.

² tn See the note on the phrase “the heavens and the earth” in 1:1.

⁵ tc The MT reads “earth”; the Syriac reads “wild animals” (cf. NRSV).

¹ tn Heb “earth,” but here the term refers to the dry ground as opposed to the sea.

¹ tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”

⁴ tn Or “in their earthly lives,” since “flesh” here denotes the physical, earthly life. The phrase “in the flesh” is retained to preserve the links with 3:18 and 4:1 which use the same wording.

² tn Heb “the one who sends his word, the earth.” The Hebrew term אֶרֶץ (ʾerets, “earth”) is an adverbial accusative; one must supply a preposition before it (such as “through” or “to”) in the English translation.

² sn In ancient Israelite cosmology Sheol is the realm of the dead, viewed as being under the earth’s surface. See L. I. J. Stadelmann, The Hebrew Conception of the World, 165-76.

² sn The word is “circle; dome”; here it is the dome that covers the earth, beyond which God sits enthroned. A. B. Davidson (Job, 165) suggests “on the arch of heaven” that covers the earth.

¹ tn Some would render this “earth,” meaning the whole earth, and having the verse be a general principle for all mankind. But Job may have in mind the more specific issue of individual land.

¹ tn Heb “Indeed, can God really live with mankind on the earth?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course not,” the force of which is reflected in the translation “God does not really live with mankind on the earth.”