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Discovery Box| (0.31) | (Rut 3:5) | 1 tn Heb “she said to her.” The referents (Ruth and Naomi) have been specified in the translation for clarity. |
| (0.31) | (Rut 2:23) | 2 tn Heb “and she stayed close with”; NIV, NRSV, CEV “stayed close to”; NCV “continued working closely with.” |
| (0.31) | (Rut 2:20) | 1 tn Heb “Blessed be he to the Lord, who has not abandoned his loyalty.” The formula has (1) the passive participle “blessed,” followed by (2) a person (in this case “he”), followed by (3) the preposition and noun “to the Lord,” followed by (4) the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher, “who”). The issue is whether the relative pronoun refers back to the Lord or to Boaz (“he”). Many English versions translate: “May he [Boaz] be blessed by the Lord, who has not abandoned his loyalty to the living and dead.” In this rendering the pronoun אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) appears to refer to “the Lord” not abandoning his loyalty. But it actually refers to Boaz as is clarified by the similar construction in 2 Sam 2:5. The formula there says, “May you [plural] be blessed to the Lord, who you [plural] have extended such kindness to your master Saul.” The plural verb after “who” clarifies that the clause does not refer to the Lord. As a formula, the אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) clause, “who…,” modifies the person(s) to be blessed by the Lord, noting something the person(s) did to warrant the blessing. (Since the content of the clause provides a reason, it is fair to translate אֲשֶׁר [ʾasher, “who”] as “because.”) Some translations make the subordinate clause into a separate sentence, but this does not fully clarify the issue, e.g. “The Lord bless him…He has not stopped showing his kindness” (NIV). See B. A. Rebera, “Yahweh or Boaz? Ruth 2.20 Reconsidered,” BT 36 (1985): 317-27, and F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 134-36. By caring for the impoverished widows’ physical needs, Boaz had demonstrated loyalty to both the living (the impoverished widows) and the dead (their late husbands). See R. B. Chisholm, From Exegesis to Exposition, 72. |
| (0.31) | (Rut 2:18) | 4 tn Heb “and she brought out and gave to her that which she had left over from her being satisfied.” |
| (0.31) | (Rut 2:5) | 3 sn In this patriarchal culture Ruth would “belong” to either her father (if unmarried) or her husband (if married). |
| (0.31) | (Rut 2:1) | 1 tn The disjunctive clause (note the vav [ו] + prepositional phrase structure) provides background information essential to the following narrative. |
| (0.31) | (Rut 1:4) | 1 tn Heb “they.” The verb is third person masculine plural referring to Naomi’s sons, as the translation indicates. |
| (0.31) | (Rut 1:10) | 2 tn Or perhaps “we want to” (so NCV, CEV, NLT), if the imperfect is understood in a modal sense indicating desire. |
| (0.31) | (Rut 1:1) | 2 tn Heb “in the land.” The phrase “of Judah” is supplied in the translation to clarify the referent. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 21:22) | 3 sn Through battle. This probably refers to the battle against Jabesh Gilead, which only produced 400 of the 600 wives needed. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 17:3) | 1 tn Heb “dedicating, I dedicate.” In this case the emphatic infinitive absolute lends a mood of solemnity to the statement. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 16:7) | 2 tn The word refers to a bowstring, probably made from animal tendons. See Ps 11:2; Job 30:11. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 16:2) | 1 tc Heb “To the Gazites, saying.” A verb is missing from the MT; some ancient Greek witnesses add “it was reported.” |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 15:19) | 1 tn The word translated “basin” refers to a circular-shaped depression in the land’s surface. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 15:4) | 2 tn Heb “He turned tail to tail and placed one torch between the two tails in the middle.” |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 9:54) | 1 tn The Hebrew text adds, “and said to him.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 10:4) | 2 tn Heb “they call them Havvoth Jair to this day—which are in the land of Gilead.” |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 9:48) | 2 tn Heb “Abimelech.” The proper name has been replaced with the pronoun (“he”) due to considerations of English style. |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 7:19) | 1 tn Heb “Gideon went, along with the 100 men who were with him, to the edge of the camp.” |
| (0.31) | (Jdg 7:20) | 1 tn The Hebrew text adds, “in order to blow [them].” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons. |
