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Discovery Box| (0.31) | (Pro 18:19) | 1 tn Heb “brother,” but this is not limited to actual siblings (cf. NRSV “an ally”; CEV, NLT “friend”). |
| (0.31) | (Pro 18:4) | 1 tc The LXX reads “in a person’s heart,” probably conforming to the near parallel in Prov 20:5. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 17:18) | 4 sn It is foolish to pledge security for someone’s loans (e.g., Prov 6:1-5). |
| (0.31) | (Pro 16:23) | 4 tn Heb “to his lips.” The term “lips” functions as a metonymy of cause for what is said. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 16:9) | 4 sn “Steps” is an implied comparison, along with “way,” to indicate the events of the plan as they work out. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 16:5) | 3 tn Heb “hand to hand.” This idiom means “you can be assured” (e.g., Prov 11:21). |
| (0.31) | (Pro 16:1) | 3 sn The contrasting prepositions enhance the contrasting ideas—the ideas belong to people, but the words come from the Lord. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 15:26) | 5 tc The MT simply has “but pleasant words are pure” (Heb “but pure [plural] are the words of pleasantness”). Some English versions add “to him” to make the connection to the first part (cf. NAB, NIV). The LXX has: “the sayings of the pure are held in honor.” The Vulgate has: “pure speech will be confirmed by him as very beautiful.” The NIV has paraphrased here: “but those of the pure are pleasing to him.” |
| (0.31) | (Pro 15:16) | 2 sn Turmoil refers to anxiety; the fear of the Lord alleviates anxiety, for it brings with it contentment and confidence. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 15:12) | 1 sn This is an understatement, the opposite being intended (a figure called tapeinosis). A scorner rejects any efforts to reform him. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 15:2) | 2 tn Or “makes knowledge acceptable” (so NASB). The verb תֵּיטִיב (tetiv, Hiphil imperfect of יָטַב [yatav, “to be good”]) can be translated “to make good” or “to treat in a good [or, excellent] way” (C. H. Toy, Proverbs [ICC], 303). M. Dahood, however, suggests emending the text to תֵּיטִיף (tetif) which is a cognate of נָטַף (nataf, “drip”), and translates “tongues of the sages drip with knowledge” (Proverbs and Northwest Semitic Philology, 32-33). But this change is gratuitous and unnecessary. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 15:3) | 1 sn The proverb uses anthropomorphic language to describe God’s exacting and evaluating knowledge of all people. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 14:30) | 2 tn Heb “is the life of the flesh” (so KJV, ASV); NAB, NIV “gives life to the body.” |
| (0.31) | (Pro 14:19) | 1 tn The verb שָׁחַח (shakhakh) means “to crouch, cower, bow” whether from weariness or in submission. As a dynamic verb in the perfect conjugation form, it is past or perfective. Here the sage takes the viewpoint of assuring the learner of what has happened in the past, asserting it to be prototypical of what will continue to happen. Some translations emphasize the future implication (NIV, NASB, CEV, NLT) while others opt to portray the lesson as a characteristic present (ESV, KJV, Holman). |
| (0.31) | (Pro 14:18) | 3 tn The meaning of יַכְתִּרוּ (yaktiru, Hiphil imperfect of כָּתַר, katar) is elusive. The noun from the same root, כֶּתֶר (keter), refers to a headdress, e.g. a turban or crown in Esther 1:11. The verbal root relates to surrounding. So the picture of wrapping on a turban, or “crowning” oneself, may be correct. However it may mean “to encompass knowledge,” i.e., possess it (parallel to the verb “inherit”). |
| (0.31) | (Pro 14:20) | 2 tn Heb “Many are the friends of the rich.” The participle of the verb אָהֵב (ʾahev, “to love”) can mean friend. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 14:11) | 1 tn Heb “house.” The term “house” is a metonymy of subject, referring to their contents: families and family life. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 14:11) | 1 sn Personal integrity ensures domestic stability and prosperity, while lack of such integrity (= wickedness) will lead to the opposite. |
| (0.31) | (Pro 13:24) | 6 tn The noun מוּסָר (musar, “discipline”) functions as an adverbial accusative of reference: “he is diligent in reference to discipline.” |
| (0.31) | (Pro 13:1) | 3 tn Heb “has not listened.” The perfect verb has been chosen to emphasize the past pattern of the scoffer. |
