¹ tn The present participle λέγοντες (legontes, “saying”) most likely indicates result. Thus, their denial of the Lord’s return is the result of their lifestyle. The connection to the false teachers of chapter 2 is thus made clear.

² tn Heb “Give them a charge for their masters, saying, ‘Thus says Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, “Thus you shall say unto your masters…”’” The sentence is broken up in conformity with contemporary English style.

² tn In a sense this phrase, which is literally “according to thus” or simply “thus,” points both backward and forward: backward to the acted-out parable and forward to the explanation which follows.

² tn There are a number of suggestions for אֹנוֹ (ʾono). Some take it as “vigor”: thus “his strength is hungry.” Others take it as “iniquity”: thus “his iniquity/trouble is hungry.”

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

¹ tn “Thus” is supplied to indicate the resultative nature of the Greek conjunction καί (kai) at the beginning of v. 4.

¹ tn Grk “The greeting in my hand, Paul, which is a sign in every letter, thus I write.”

³ tn Grk “this.” The pronoun refers back to “a sign”; thus these words have been repeated for clarity.

¹ tn Grk “weeping a great deal,” thus “loudly” (BDAG 472 s.v. ἱκανός and BDAG 546 s.v. κλαυθμός).

² tn Grk “and,” but in context this is an adversative use of καί (kai) and is thus translated “but.”

² tn Grk “and,” but in context this is an adversative use of καί (kai) and is thus translated “but.”

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ perseverance with Jesus.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of Jesus’ unexpected answer.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the plans by the spies.

³ tn The pronoun ὑμᾶς (humas) is plural, referring to both the man and his brother; thus the translation “you two.”

⁴ tn The Greek term ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women, thus “people.”

³ tn This future passive indicative verb has imperatival force and thus has been translated “he must be named.”

² tn Grk “the way he breathed his last”; or “the way he expired”; or “that he thus breathed no more.”

¹ tn The Greek term ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women, thus “people.”

¹ tn The Greek term ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used here in a generic sense, referring to both men and women, thus “people.”