² tn Grk “with persecutions.” The “all” has been supplied to clarify that the prepositional phrase belongs not just to the “fields.”

² tn Grk “this last one,” translated as “this last man” because field laborers in 1st century Palestine were men.

³ tn Heb “the beasts of the field” (so KJV, NASB); the same expression also occurs in v. 18.

¹ tn Heb “the priests in the fields of the pastureland of their cities in every city and city.”

⁶ tn Or “fields.” For a defense of the translation “terraces,” see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 285.

¹ tn Heb “And look, an old man was coming from his work, from the field in the evening.”

¹ tn Heb “his field of purchase,” which is to be distinguished from his own ancestral “landed property” (cf. v. 16 above).

² tn Heb “the tree of the field will give its fruit.” As a collective singular this has been translated as plural.

² sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

⁴ tn Heb “in the house and in the field.” The word “both” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

¹ tn Grk “selling a field that belonged to him, brought” The participle πωλήσας (pōlēsas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

³ tn Grk “that field was called.” The passive voice has been converted to active in the translation in keeping with contemporary English style.

³ sn To a Jew, being sent to the field to feed pigs would be an insult, since pigs were considered unclean animals (Lev 11:7).

³ sn I have bought a field. An examination of newly bought land was a common practice. It was this person’s priority.

² tn Grk “harvest,” but by extension of meaning this refers to the crops awaiting harvest in the fields. See BDAG 453 s.v. θερισμός 2.a.

⁶ tn Heb “their vine-branches.” The term “vine-branches” is a figurative expression (synecdoche of part for the whole) representing the agricultural fields as a whole.

² tn Joel uses intentionally alliterative language in the phrases שֻׁדַּד שָׂדֶה (shuddad sadeh, “the field is destroyed”) and אֲבְלָה אֲדָמָה (ʾav^elah ʾadamah, “the ground is in mourning”).

⁴ tn Heb “in outside places.” Here the term refers to pastures and fields (see Job 5:10; Prov 8:26).

² tn In both halves of the verse the literal rendering would be “upon the face of the earth” and “upon the face of the fields.”

³ tn Heb “and look, the woman whose son he had brought back to life was crying out to the king for her house and her field.”