² sn Ahasuerus, otherwise known as Xerxes I, ruled ca. 486-464 b.c.

¹ tn Heb “and the king, Rehoboam, strengthened himself in Jerusalem and ruled.”

² tn Heb “there will not be cut off from you a man ruling over Israel.”

¹ tn Heb “ruled in his place,” here and in vv. 45-50.

³ tn Heb “and tell them the manner of the king who will rule over them.”

¹ tn Actually, “law” here means a whole set of laws, the basic rulings on this topic.

¹ tn Heb “You shall not rule in him in violence”; cf. NASB “with severity”; NIV “ruthlessly.”

⁴ tn Heb “he has no authority/power,” for the verb means “rule, have dominion.”

¹ sn Later Judaism ruled that “too small” meant fewer than ten (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 88).

¹ tc The consonantal text (Kethib) has “when [he was] ruling in Jerusalem,” but the marginal reading (Qere), which has support from Hebrew, Greek, Aramaic, and Latin witnesses, has “[preventing him] from ruling in Jerusalem.”

⁵ tn For this translation see BDAG 168 s.v. βασιλεία 1.a, “kingship, royal power, royal rule.”

² sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

² tn L&N 71.39 translates “indispensable (rules)” while BDAG 358 s.v. ἐπάναγκες has “the necessary things.”

¹ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

³ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

¹ sn Tiberius Caesar was the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus, who ruled from a.d. 14-37.

¹ sn Note that here the angel of the Lord is clearly distinct from the Lord who rules over all himself.

² sn King Darius is the Persian king Darius Hystaspes who ruled from 522-486 b.c.

³ tn The phrase “who ruled” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

² sn The parallelism indicates that “ruling over” and “sharing in the inheritance” means that the disgraceful son will be disinherited.