⁵ tn Grk “on them”; the referent (the gates) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “though disaster has come down from the Lord to the gate of Jerusalem.”

³ tc The present translation follows the Qere, which reads the plural (“gates”) rather than the singular.

⁶ sn Legal disputes were resolved in the city gate, where the town elders met.

¹ sn The bar on the city gate symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

¹ sn The east gate of the outer court was permanently closed (Ezek 44:2).

¹ sn The three alcoves are parallel to the city gates found at Megiddo, Hazor, and Gezer.

³ sn The upper gate was built by Jotham (2 Kgs 15:35).

³ tn Heb “no gates and no bar,” i.e., “that lives securely without gates or bars.” The phrase is used by the figure of species for genus (synecdoche) to refer to the fact that they have no defenses, i.e., no walls, gates, or bars on the gates. The figure has been interpreted in the translation for the benefit of the average reader.

² tn Heb “gate”; the term “city” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn Or “the Old Gate” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NCV, NRSV, NLT).

¹ tn Heb “and they placed hands on her, and she went through the entrance of the gate of the horses [into] the house of the king.” Some English versions treat the phrase “gate of the horses” as the name of the gate (“the Horse Gate”; e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

¹ tn Heb “the Gate of the Runners of the House of the King.”

² tn Heb “and the people trampled him in the gate and he died.”

³ tn Heb “and they lay in wait for him all night in the city gate.”

¹ tn Heb “And the gate was to be shut in the darkness and the men went out.”

¹ tn Heb “within your gates” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “who belongs to your community.”

² tn Heb “in your gates”; NRSV, CEV “in your towns”; TEV “in your country.”

³ sn The town square refers to the wide street area at the gate complex of the city.

¹ sn The Benjamin Gate would have been a gate in the northern wall leading out toward the territory of Benjamin. It is mentioned only here, in Jer 38:7, and in Zech 14:10.