³ tn Heb “like a rainstorm of hail, a wind of destruction.”

³ sn The “east wind” here symbolizes violent divine judgment.

¹ tn Heb “he spoke and caused to stand a stormy wind.”

¹ tn Or “wind”; the same Hebrew word can be translated as either “wind” or “spirit,” depending on the context.

³ tn The word for “east wind,” קָדִים (qadim), is parallel to “spirit/wind” also in Hos 12:2. The east wind is maleficent, but here in the parallelism it is so much hot air.

¹ tn Grk “a wind like a typhoon.” That is, a very violent wind like a typhoon or hurricane (BDAG 1021 s.v. τυφωνικός).

³ sn Caught in the violent wind, the ship was driven along. They were now out of control, at the mercy of the wind and sea.

² tn Or “born of water and wind” (the same Greek word, πνεύματος [pneumatos], may be translated either “spirit/Spirit” or “wind”).

¹ tn The Hebrew term translated “spirit” here may also be translated “wind” or “breath” depending on the context (cf. ASV, NRSV, CEV “the four winds of heaven”; NAB similar).

¹ tn Heb “if a man, coming [as] wind and falsehood, should lie”; NASB “walking after wind and falsehood”; NIV “a liar and a deceiver.”

¹ tn Heb “and he will tightly [or “surely”] wind you [with] winding like a ball, to a land broad of hands [i.e., “sides”].”

¹ tn The “driving winds” reflects the Hebrew “from the scatterers.” This refers to the north winds that bring the cold air and the ice and snow and hard rains.

¹ tn Or “wind”; or perhaps “Spirit.” The same Hebrew word, רוּחַ (ruakh), may be translated as “wind,” “breath,” or “spirit/Spirit” depending on the context.

² tn The image is rather graphic. It is saying that he puffs himself up with the wind and then brings out of his mouth blasts of this wind.

¹ tn The same Greek word, πνεύματος (pneumatos), may be translated “wind” or “spirit.”

¹ sn The south wind comes from the desert, and thus brings scorching heat.

² tn Heb “A scorching wind from the hilltops in the desert toward…”

¹ tn Heb “[the] wind.” The word “hot” is supplied in the translation for clarification.

² tn Heb “and he remembered that they [were] flesh, a wind [that] goes and does not return.”

² sn Or called Euraquilo (the actual name of the wind, a sailor’s term which was a combination of Greek and Latin). According to Strabo (Geography 1.2.21), this was a violent northern wind.