¹ tn Or “From the offspring”; Grk “From the seed.”

² tn Or “in your offspring”; Grk “in your seed.”

³ tn Grk “his seed” (an idiom for offspring or descendants).

¹ tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”

¹ tn Heb “and I will set in place forever his offspring.”

³ tn Heb “sons,” used here in a generic sense for offspring.

² sn The expression the children of the flesh refers to the natural offspring.

² tn Heb “for offspring blessed by the Lord they [will be], and their descendants along with them.”

¹ tn Heb “In the Lord all the offspring of Israel will be vindicated and boast.”

² tn Heb “and its offspring” (so NASB); NIV “all that comes out of it.”

¹ tn Heb “the world and its offspring”; NASB “the world and all that springs from it.”

¹ tn Heb “fruit.” The next line makes it clear that offspring is in view.

¹ tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NRSV); NASB “the offspring of your own body.”

² tn The word פֶּטֶּר (petter) means “that which opens”; this construction literally says, “that which opens every womb,” which means “the first offspring of every womb.” Verses 12 and 15 further indicate male offspring.

³ tn Heb “from the seed” (KJV, ASV both similar); NASB, NIV “through the offspring”; NRSV “through the children.”

¹ tn Heb “Are you not children of rebellion, offspring of a lie?” The rhetorical question anticipates the answer, “Of course you are!”

² tn Heb “and to cause their offspring to fall.” Some emend the verb to “scatter” to form tighter parallelism with the following line (cf. NRSV “disperse”).

¹ tn The same Hebrew term זֶרַע (zeraʿ) may mean “seed” (for planting), “offspring” (occasionally of animals, but usually of people), or “descendants” depending on the context.

¹ tn The two words נִין (nin, “offspring”) and נֶכֶד (nekhed, “posterity”) are always together and form an alliteration. This is hard to capture in English, but some have tried: Moffatt had “son and scion,” and Tur-Sinai had “breed or brood.” But the words are best simply translated as “lineage and posterity” or as in the NIV “offspring or descendants.”

¹ tn Heb “she arose and she destroyed all the royal offspring.” The verb קוּם (qum, “arise”) is here used in an auxiliary sense to indicate that she embarked on a campaign to destroy the royal offspring. See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 125.