¹ tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will make heavy your yoke,” but many medieval Hebrew mss and other ancient textual witnesses have, “my father made heavy your yoke.”

¹ tn Heb “heavy stone” (so NRSV, TEV, NLT); KJV “burdensome stone”; NIV “an immovable rock.”

³ tn Heb “you will slurp and refresh yourselves from her heavy breast.”

² tn Heb “or his ear too heavy [i.e., “dull”] to hear.”

¹ tn Heb “[the] burden,” i.e., their images, the heavy burden carried by the animals.

² tn Heb “Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter upon us.”

² tn Heb “My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke.”

² tn Heb “Your father made our yoke heavy, but make it lighter upon us.”

³ tn Heb “Whenever the hand of the tribe of Joseph was heavy.”

³ tn Heb “very heavy” or “very severe.” The subject “the hail” is implied.

⁶ tn The expression וְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיךָ (v^ehaqel meʿalekha) means literally “and make it light off yourself.” The word plays against the word for “heavy” used earlier—since it was a heavy or burdensome task, Moses must lighten the load.

³ tn The Hebrew verb כָּבֵד (kaved), translated “was…important,” has the primary meaning “to be heavy,” but here carries a secondary sense of “to be important” (that is, “heavy” in honor or respect).

³ tn The term ὄμβρος (ombros) refers to heavy rain, such as in a thunderstorm (L&N 14.12).

¹ tn Heb “a heavy rain of waters passes by.” Perhaps the flash floods produced by the downpour are in view here.

² tn Heb “heavy of tongue.” Similar language occurs in Exod 4:10 and Isa 33:19.

³ tn Heb “a faint spirit” (so NRSV); KJV, ASV “the spirit of heaviness”; NASB “a spirit of fainting.”

⁴ tn The word עָמָל (ʿamal) means “work, heavy labor, agonizing labor, struggle” with the idea of fatigue and pain.

¹ tn Heb “and now my father placed upon you a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke.”

¹ tn Heb “and now my father placed upon you a heavy yoke, but I will add to your yoke.”

¹ tn This term refers to the heavy upper stone of a grinding mill (L&N 7.70; BDAG 660 s.v. μυλικός).