³ tn Grk “[to] them”; the referent (the believers there) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴ tn The translation “come to believe” reflects more of the resultative nuance of the perfect tense here.

⁴ tn Grk “for them”; the referent (Gentile believers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Or “Does this cause you to no longer believe?” (Grk “cause you to stumble?”)

¹ tn Grk “the one who believes in me will not possibly thirst, ever.”

² tn Or “you never believe.” The verb πιστεύσητε (pisteusēte) is aorist subjunctive and may have either nuance.

¹ sn Again the note of being blessed makes the key point of the passage about believing God.

² sn Mandrake plants were popularly believed to be an aphrodisiac in the culture of the time.

³ tn Or “believing children.” The phrase could be translated “believing children,” but the parallel with 1 Tim 3:4 (“keeping his children in control”) argues for the sense given in the translation.

¹ tn Grk “in the believing” or “as [you] believe,” with the object “him” supplied from the context. The referent could be God (15:13a) or Christ (15:12).

⁵ sn The term “faith” has a variety of meanings in the NT. Here, the faith refers to the doctrinal content embraced by believers rather than the act of believing (see BDAG 820 s.v. 3). Rather than discuss the points of agreement that Jude would have with these believers because of the urgency of the present situation he must assume that these believers were well grounded and press on to encourage them to fight for this common belief.

¹ sn The reason given is all the provisions God has made for the believer, mentioned in vv. 3-4.

¹ sn As a continuation of v. 19, this refers to elders who sin, not to sinning believers more generally.

⁴ tn L&N 31.103 translates this phrase “the son of a Jewish woman who was a believer.”

¹ sn The believers of Pisidian Antioch were not discouraged by the persecution, but instead were filled with joy.

² sn Moloch was a Canaanite deity who was believed to be the god of the sky and the sun.

² tn The Greek text contains the words “about him” at this point: “the Jewish authorities did not believe about him…”

³ sn Although phrased as a question, the charges were believed by the owner, as his dismissal of the manager implies.

⁴ tn Heb “believe the voice of the latter sign,” so as to understand and accept the meaning of the event.

³ tn Or “faithful to the Lord.” BDAG 821 s.v. πίστος 2 states concerning this verse, “Of one who confesses the Christian faith believing or a believer in the Lord, in Christ, in God πιστ. τῷ κυρίῳ Ac 16:15.” L&N 11.17 has “one who is included among the faithful followers of Christ—‘believer, Christian, follower.’”