² tn Some translations understand this to mean “like an eagle swoops down” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), comparing the swift attack of an eagle to the attack of the Israelites’ enemies.

² tn Or “a likeness.” Again idolatry is directly attacked as an affront to God and a devaluation of him.

⁵ sn The attack took place at Jason’s house because this was probably the location of the new house church.

¹ tn L&N 39.50 has “the crowd joined the attack against them” for συνεπέστη (sunepestē) in this verse.

⁵ tn Heb “from the presence of the enemy.” This figurative expression refers to the approach of the attacking army.

¹ sn The reference to an attack by the nations suggests the psalmist may have been a military leader.

¹ tn This probably alludes to a sneak attack by enemies in the darkness of night (see Song 3:8).

² tn The Hebrew is simply “fell” (from נָפַל, nafal). To “fall upon” something in war means to attack quickly and suddenly.

² tn Heb “went up from Tirzah and arrived in Samaria and attacked Shallum son of Jabesh in Samaria.”

¹ tn Heb “But [as for] you, don’t stand still, chase after your enemies and attack them from the rear.”

¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man who attacked the woman) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect of נָכָה (nakhah), a term that can mean “smite, strike, attack, destroy.”

² tn The vav (ו) on the noun “glory” indicates a strong contrast, one that interrupts their threatened attack.

¹ tn Elsewhere the Hiphil of פָגַע (pagaʿ) means “to intercede verbally” (Jer 15:11; 36:25) or “to intervene militarily” (Isa 59:16), but neither nuance fits here. Apparently here the Hiphil is the causative of the normal Qal meaning, “encounter, meet, touch.” The Qal sometimes refers to a hostile encounter or attack; when used in this way the object is normally introduced by the preposition בְּ (bet, see Josh 2:16; Judg 8:21; 15:12, etc.). Here the causative Hiphil has a double object—the Lord makes “sin” attack “him” (note that the object attacked is introduced by the preposition בְּ. In their sin the group was like sheep who had wandered from God’s path. They were vulnerable to attack; the guilt of their sin was ready to attack and destroy them. But then the servant stepped in and took the full force of the attack.

¹ tn Heb “The word that the Lord spoke to the prophet Jeremiah about the coming of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to attack the land of Egypt.”

³ tn Heb “leans down” or “looks down.” This verb personifies destruction leaning/looking down from its window in the sky, ready to attack.

² tn Heb “will fall over you.” The expression נָפַל עַל (nafal ʿal) can mean “attack,” but here it means “fall over to,” i.e., “surrender to.”

² sn The imagery depicts the Lord as a warrior who is eager to fight and can no longer hold himself back from the attack.

³ tn Some prefer to translate the phrase לִצְבֹּא עַל (litsboʾ ʿal) as “fight against,” but the following context pictures the Lord defending, not attacking, Zion.

⁶ tn Heb “without cause” (so KJV, NASB); NCV “just for fun.” The term חִנָּם (khinnam, “without cause”) emphasizes that the planned attack is completely unwarranted.