² tn Grk “brothers.” The translation “compatriot” is given by BDAG 18-19 s.v. ἀδελφός 2.b.

³ tn Grk “to comfort them concerning their brother”; the words “loss of” are not in the Greek text but are implied.

¹ sn Note the younger son is not “my brother” but this son of yours (an expression with a distinctly pejorative nuance).

³ tn The pronoun ὑμᾶς (humas) is plural, referring to both the man and his brother; thus the translation “you two.”

³ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelphoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). In this context Jesus is ultimately speaking of his “followers” (whether men or women, adults or children), but the familial connotation of “brothers and sisters” is also important to retain here.

² tn Grk “whoever says to his brother ‘Raca,’” an Aramaic word of contempt or abuse meaning “fool” or “empty head.”

¹ tn Heb “brother,” but this is not limited to actual siblings (cf. NRSV “an ally”; CEV, NLT “friend”).

³ tn Heb “brothers,” although not limited to male siblings only. Cf. NRSV, CEV “in a family”; TEV “among friends.”

¹ tn Heb “and I am estranged to my brothers, and a foreigner to the sons of my mother.”

² tn Heb “and he made Zedekiah his brother king.” According to the parallel text in 2 Kgs 24:17, Zedekiah was Jehoiachin’s uncle, not his brother. Therefore many interpreters understand אח (ʾakh) here in its less specific sense of “relative” (NEB “made his father’s brother Zedekiah king”; NASB “made his kinsman Zedekiah king”; NIV “made Jehoiachin’s uncle, Zedekiah, king”; NRSV “made his brother Zedekiah king”).

³ tn Heb “and anger will be upon you and your brothers; do this and you will not be guilty.”

¹ tn Heb “and their number with their brothers, trained in music to the Lord, all skilled, was 288.”

¹ tn Heb “the fathers [i.e., families] of the head [i.e., oldest] just like his youngest brother.”

¹ tn Heb “But you must cross over armed for battle before your brothers, all [you] mighty men of strength.”

³ tn Heb “your brothers” but not limited only to an actual sibling; cf. NAB) “your kinsman”; NRSV, NLT “your neighbor.”

² tn Heb “brothers,” but not referring to actual siblings. Cf. NASB “their countrymen”; NRSV “the other members of the community.”

² tn The word is “brothers,” but this can be interpreted more loosely to relatives. So also in v. 7.

¹ tn Heb “and from the whole of his brothers he took five men and presented them before Pharaoh.”

¹ tn Heb “and they bowed low and they bowed down.” The use of synonyms here emphasizes the brothers’ humility.

¹ sn You are spies. Joseph wanted to see how his brothers would react if they were accused of spying.