Discovery Box| (0.11) | (Gen 18:30) | 1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity. |
| (0.11) | (Gen 18:29) | 1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity. |
| (0.11) | (Gen 18:8) | 1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity. |
| (0.11) | (Gen 18:2) | 1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity. |
| (0.11) | (Gen 18:1) | 1 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity. |
| (0.11) | (Gen 17:17) | 3 tn The imperfect verbal form here carries a potential nuance, as it expresses the disbelief of Abraham. |
| (0.11) | (Lam 2:3) | 6 tn Heb “he burned in Jacob like a flaming fire.” |
| (0.11) | (Isa 59:20) | 2 tn Heb “and to those who turn from rebellion in Jacob.” |
| (0.11) | (Isa 49:26) | 4 tn Or “the Mighty One of Jacob.” See 1:24. |
| (0.11) | (Isa 48:1) | 1 tn Heb “house of Jacob”; TEV, CEV “people of Israel.” |
| (0.11) | (Isa 8:17) | 1 tn Heb “who hides his face from the house of Jacob.” |
| (0.11) | (Psa 78:71) | 2 tn Heb “to shepherd Jacob, his people, and Israel, his inheritance.” |
| (0.11) | (Exo 13:7) | 3 tn Or “visible to you” (B. Jacob, Exodus, 366). |
| (0.11) | (Gen 32:20) | 1 tn Heb “and look, your servant Jacob [is] behind us.” |
| (0.11) | (Gen 32:2) | 1 tn Heb “and Jacob said when he saw them.” |
| (0.11) | (Gen 30:5) | 2 tn Heb “and she bore for Jacob a son.” |
| (0.11) | (Gen 30:2) | 1 tn Heb “and the anger of Jacob was hot.” |
| (0.11) | (Gen 12:3) | 3 tn Or “find blessing.” The Niphal of בָּרַךְ (barakh) occurs only three times, all in formulations of the Abrahamic covenant (Gen 12:2; 18:18; 28:14). The Niphal stem is medio-passive and it has traditionally been rendered as passive here. While this captures an assumption in the passage, it does not fully capture the nuance of the verb. The verb is denominative (based on the noun “blessing”) with its active voice in the Piel and its normal passive expression in the Pual (or the Qal passive participle). Some have argued that the Niphal has the same reciprocal notion as its Hitpael (which appears in two other formulations of the Abrahamic covenant: Gen 22:18; 26:4) and means “bless one another by you[r name].” As an example of being blessed, Abram would be mentioned in their pronouncements of blessing. This could be possible, but it is more likely that the Niphal is used instead of the Hitpael to indicate a different middle voice meaning than the Hitpael, just as it would not be expected to have the same passive meaning as the Pual. In the immediate context, the first lines of this verse explain how others may be blessed by God, specifically by blessing Abram. The middle voice nuance may be expressed as “they may consider themselves blessed through you,” or that “they may find/receive blessing through you.” The logical outcome is that those who bless Abraham receive blessing and thus will “be blessed” (passive), and that anyone on the earth may be part of that category. So a passive translation can be a fair rendering of this implication. This translation attempts to reflect the middle voice of the Niphal as well as a modal sense “may receive blessing,” since the blessing only comes to those who bless Abram. Additional iterations of the Abrahamic covenant extend this principle to his descendants. |
| (0.11) | (Eze 48:2) | 1 sn The tribes descended from Jacob’s maidservants are placed farthest from the sanctuary. See Gen 30. |
| (0.11) | (Gen 49:4) | 3 sn This is a euphemism for having sexual intercourse with Jacob’s concubine Bilhah (see Gen 35:22). |
