(0.30) | (Mic 5:2) | 2 tn Heb “being small.” Some omit לִהְיוֹת (liheyot, “being”) because it fits awkwardly and appears again in the next line. |
(0.30) | (Mic 3:2) | 5 sn Micah compares the social injustice perpetrated by the house of Jacob/Israel to cannibalism because it threatens the very lives of the oppressed. |
(0.30) | (Mic 2:3) | 2 tn Heb “from which you will not remove your neck.” The words “It will be like a yoke” are supplied in the translation for clarification. |
(0.30) | (Mic 1:10) | 1 tn Heb “Tell it not in Gath.” The Hebrew word for “tell” (נָגַד, nagad) sounds like the name of the city, Gath (גַּת, gat). |
(0.30) | (Mic 1:4) | 2 tn Or “rupture.” This may refer to the appearance of a valley after the blockage of a landslide has effectively divided it. |
(0.30) | (Jon 4:5) | 2 tn Heb “of the city.” For stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy, the noun “city” has been replaced here by the pronoun (“it”) in the translation. |
(0.30) | (Jon 1:2) | 6 tn Heb “cry out against it.” The basic meaning of קָרָא (qaraʾ) is “to call out; to cry out; to shout out,” but here it is a technical term referring to what a prophet has to say: “to announce” (e.g., 1 Kgs 13:32; Isa 40:2, 6; Jer 3:12; see HALOT 1129 s.v. קרא 8). When used with the preposition עַל (ʿal, “against” [in a hostile sense]; 826 s.v. עַל 5.a), it refers to an oracle announcing or threatening judgment (e.g., 1 Kgs 13:2, 4, 32; BDB 895 s.v. עַל 3.a). This nuance is reflected in several English versions: “Announce my judgment against it” (NLT) and “proclaim judgment upon it” (JPS, NJPS). Other translations are less precise: “cry out against it” (KJV, NKJV, ASV, NASB, RSV, NRSV) and “denounce it” (NEB, REB). Some are even misleading: “preach against it” (NAB, NIV) and “preach in it” (Douay). Tg. Jonah 1:2 nuances this interpretively as “prophesy against.” |
(0.30) | (Oba 1:11) | 2 tn Or perhaps, “wealth” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). The Hebrew word is somewhat ambiguous here. This word also appears in v. 13, where it clearly refers to wealth. |
(0.30) | (Amo 7:12) | 1 tn Traditionally, “seer.” The word is a synonym for “prophet,” though it may carry a derogatory tone on the lips of Amaziah. |
(0.30) | (Amo 3:9) | 3 tn The Hebrew noun carries the nuance of “panic” or “confusion.” Here it refers metonymically to the violent deeds that terrorize the oppressed. |
(0.30) | (Amo 3:2) | 1 tn Heb “You only have I known.” The Hebrew verb יָדַע (yadaʿ) is used here in its covenantal sense of “recognize in a special way.” |
(0.30) | (Amo 1:6) | 5 tn Heb “[group of] exiles.” A number of English translations take this as a collective singular and translate it with a plural (e.g., NAB, NIV, NRSV). |
(0.30) | (Amo 1:5) | 5 tn Many associate the name “Beth Eden” with Bit Adini, an Aramean state located near the Euphrates River, but it may be a sarcastic epithet meaning “house of pleasure.” |
(0.30) | (Amo 1:2) | 6 sn Carmel was a region known for its abundant plants and trees. See Isa 33:9; 35:2; Jer 50:19. |
(0.30) | (Joe 3:11) | 1 tn This Hebrew verb is found only here in the OT; its meaning is uncertain. Some scholars prefer to read here עוּרוּ (ʿuru, “arouse”) or חוּשׁוּ (khushu, “hasten”). |
(0.30) | (Joe 2:20) | 5 tn The Hebrew text does not have “the Lord.” Two interpretations are possible. This clause may refer to the enemy described in the immediately preceding verses, in which case it would have a negative sense: “he has acted in a high-handed manner.” Or it may refer to the Lord, in which case it would have a positive sense: “the Lord has acted in a marvelous manner.” This is clearly the sense of the same expression in v. 21, where in fact “the Lord” appears as the subject of the verb. It seems best to understand the clause the same way in both verses. |
(0.30) | (Joe 2:2) | 1 tn The phrase “It will be” does not appear in the Hebrew but is supplied in the translation for the sake of smoothness and style. |
(0.30) | (Hos 13:15) | 3 tn The term “wind” is not repeated in the Hebrew text at this point but is implied; it is supplied in the translation for clarity. |
(0.30) | (Hos 10:4) | 4 tn The word “empty” is not in the Hebrew text but is implied. It is supplied in the translation for clarity. Cf. TEV “useless treaties.” |
(0.30) | (Hos 8:5) | 1 tn Heb “How long will they be able to be free from punishment?” This rhetorical question affirms that Israel will not survive much longer until God punishes it. |